---

Research Subject: Global energy demand is increasing, so enhanced oil recovery techniques have incorporated in production processes. Water flooding is a common technique in oil recovery processes. One of the major challenges in this technique is heterogeneity of the reservoir structure which results in increased water production and reducing the oil recovery factor. Moreover, long-term water or chemical injection might lead to the increased horizontal and vertical heterogeneities in the reservoir. Selective blockage of high permeability areas and consequently improved production from low permeability regions is important for increasing the oil recovery factor. In recent years, using hydrogels in injection processes, has been associated with various field successes, indicating the ability of these materials for selectively blocking the areas of high permeability. Hydrogels are injected after water or polymer flooding to conduct the injected fluid to low permeability areas.
Research Approach: In this paper, hydrogel injection process was simulated in glass micromodels using Comsol Multiphysics software. Hydrogel functionality was studied in low permeability areas in porous media. Moreover, the optimized conditions for water flooding process was studies. For this purpose, after model validation, sensitivity analysis was performed on effective parameters on oil recovery factor and a mathematical model was presented to predict the oil recovery factor.
Main Results: Oil recovery factors obtained from experimental and simulation studies, were in good agreement with each other with absolute error values of 2.29% and 4.06%, for water and hydrogel flooding, respectively.
Four parameters of injection rate, contact angle, oil viscosity, and injection fluid viscosity were considered as effective parameters on oil recovery factor. Among them, contact angle was the most important parameter. In water flooding, the most important interacting parameters are viscosity and contact angle and the least important parameters are injection temperature and rate. In water flooding simulation studies, the thickness of the contact surface was obtained hmax/5, where  is 230 micrometers. For hydrogel injection, the contact surface thickness was obtained terpf.ep_default / 5.65. Terpf.ep_default is the thickness of contact surface, equal to 631 micrometers

---

 Discussion and research in different rhetorical and semantic aspects of the Quran, and especially the syntactic and rhetorical aspects, have astonished the Quranic researchers of every age. Among these rhetorical issues is the discussion of the Tanwin and its hidden intentions and purposes. This unique phenomenon of the Arabic language, which is widely used in the Holy Quran, has other secondary meanings that are sporadically mentioned in the syntactic books, in addition to its original meaning (indicating indefinite noun). By carefully reflecting on the Quranic verses, it appears that the Tanwin has other implications such as, amongst other things, magnification, reduction, proliferation, diversification, humiliation, generalization. A field survey of the Farsi translations of the Quran shows that most translators have not paid much attention to the Tanwin and its other semantic implications, and have largely meant it to indicate indefinite nouns. In this study, it has been attempted to criticize and analyze the semantic aspects of the Tanwin and its different implications in some of the Quranic verses translation by Abdurrahman Pirani et al. The results show that paying attention to the semantic and implicating dimensions of the Tanwin can be an effective step towards enhancing the semantic levels of Quranic expressions and discovering the rhetorical-semantic layers of this divine book. But this translation, along with many of its more prominent features, does not pay much attention to the secondary meanings of the Tanwin, and this has led to some divergence from some of the sublime meanings and concepts in the Quranic vocabulary.

---

The ladybird Hyperaspis pseudopustulata Mulsant, 1853 was recently reported as the 13^th species of the genus Hyperaspis of Iran. Because of the lack of sufficient details in the original description, here we provide more details of morphological features by the help of electron microscope and quantitative morphometric measurements of Iranian H. pseudopustulata. The differential characters of the species in comparison with other close species are presented.

---

---

The aim of the present study is to compare the regional differences of the intermediate factors productivity in production of various economic sectors.  For this purpose, first the regional input-output tables of all provinces of Iran have been extracted based on the Adjusted Flegg Location Quotient (AFLQ). Then, the intermediate factors productivity of all provinces has been calculated and compared with those of Tehran province. According to the results, “manufacture of food products, beverages and tobacco products”, “constructions”, and “manufacture of textiles, wearing, and leather” sectors have the lowest regional differences in the intermediate factors productivity, respectively. Also, “mining”, “activities of real estate agents, brokers, and renting and business”, and “electricity, gas, and water” sectors have the highest regional differences of the intermediate factors productivity, respectively.

---

The different factors such as material, height, thickness, installation status, and geometry of the wall's head can influence on the efficiency of the sound walls to decrease the noise pollution of theairports. This paper is presented to improve the effective geometry of the wall's head as well as finding the best wall's head to maximize the noise reduction in an airport. To investigate the performance of the sound wall, the boundary element method is used. Then, in order to modeling the sound walls with different dimensions and sizes, PATRAN software is utilized. In the next step, the models are meshed and finite element method is used to analyze the vibrations of the models. Consequently, the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of sound's walls are predicted and finally the insertion loss via modeling of sources of noise and sound receivers are calculated. The design method of Taguchi experiments is applied to decrease the total numbers of the different models of Y shape geometries. Lastly,the governing equations with approximately fitted over the test cases are determined by neural network. Finally, the genetic algorithm is used to obtain the ideal head's wall.

---

Pomegranate and plum paste are acidic products that are often used in the preparation of most local foods in Guilan province. As the preparation of these pastes is mainly done in the aluminum containers traditionally, there is a possibility of aluminum leaking into the pomegranate and plum puree during processing. The presence of aluminum in the diet as a contaminant has aroused the concern of many researchers and many studies have been conducted to track the relation between the aluminum intake and the occurrence of the disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, breast cancer, neurological syndromes, and anemia and the link has been proved. In this study, pomegranate and plum paste from 13 different cities of the Guilan province were collected and the amounts of aluminum in them were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion by dry, wet, and microwave ashing methods. The results showed contamination of pomegranate and plum pastes with high amounts of the aluminum that was higher in plum paste in comparison to the pomegranate paste. The concentration of aluminum in the case of digestion by microwave was higher than the other two methods. Although the aluminum concentration in all samples did not exceed the tolerable level defined by WHO, continuous and long-term use, considering exposure to the other sources of contamination, would be a serious health threat. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the safe processing of these products.

---

 Dairy products such as yogurt are considered as one of the most popular foods in the world. Beside the probiotics, functional ingredients such as prebiotics are also used in various products. One of the functional ingredients is propolis which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-tumor properties, and in addition to this properties it can be a prebiotic which can have beneficial effects on the human digestive system. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of propolis extract on the physicochemical, sensory and microbial characteristics of synbiotic yogurt inoculated with Lactobacillus casei. This study was conducted in five treatments (control (A), 1% (B), 2% (C), 3% (D), 4% (E)) and three replications. Physical and chemical properties such as antioxidant activity and total polyphenol, acidity and pH, syneresis, texture (hardness, stickiness, springiness and chewiness), probiotics survival as well as sensory properties (taste, odor, texture, color and general acceptance) of yogurt samples in days 1, 7, 14 and 21 were measured. According to the results of the sensory evaluation team, the highest level of favorability was related to the control treatment. The lowest pH value in the control sample was 1% and showed a significant difference with the 2%, 3% and 4% treatments. The highest level of acidity was related to the 4% treatment and also on the 21st day compared to the seventh day, the highest level of acidity was observed in the 4% treatment. The results of the survival of L. casei on different days showed that the effect of time and propolis percentage on the survival of probiotic bacterium was significant. The highest number of L. casei was observed in 4% treatment. It can be concluded that propolis can be used as a prebiotic in yogurt, which can improve the functional and textural properties of yogurt.