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Feeding performance of the green oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana (Linnaeus) was determined on three host plants including Quercus libani Oliv, Quercus infectoria Oliv, and Quercus branti Lindl, under laboratory conditions. Mean total leaf weight consumed by larvae was the highest on Q. branti (0.31 g) and the lowest on Q. libani (0.14 g).The feeding index was the highest on Q. libani while the other two host plants were not significantly different. Significant relationships were found between amount of consumed leaf tissues and resulting pupal weight, on all host plants. Larval and pupal mortality were not significantly different on host plants. Findings indicated that the feeding index could be a key factor to assess performance of T. viridana on Quercus species.

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This study was carried out in the province of Kurdistan (Iran) during April to August 2015 in order to document the click beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Elateridae) of this region. The specimens were collected using sticky traps, window traps and pan traps. Fifteen species from six genera were identified, of which three species are new for the fauna of Iran: Melanotus kravchenkoi Platia, 2010, Melanotus orbachorum Platia, 2010 and Melanotus chikatunovi Platia, 2010. In addition, nine species are recorded from the province of Kurdistan for the first time. Brief diagnoses for the new record species from Iran and zoogeographical information for all species are provided.

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The study was conducted in oak forests and the conifer stands in Marivan county located in west of Kurdistan province. The leaf litter and soils samples from these forests were taken during 2016 to 2019 and specimens were extracted by the Berlese funnels. Results of the study led to identification of 39 species of 11 families. The three genera Doutnacia Rusek, 1974 (Tullbergiidae), Heterosminthurus Stach, 1955 (Bourletiellidae) and Calx Christiansen, 1958 (Entomobryidae) and eight species including Willemia virae Kapruś, 1997, Xenylla tullbergi Börner, 1903 (Hypogastruridae), Axenyllodes caecus (Gisin, 1952) (Odontellidae), Thalassaphorura franzi (Stach, 1946) (Onychiuridae), Doutnacia xerophila Rusek, 1974 (Tullbergiidae), Calx kailashi Mandal, 2018, Seira dori Gruia, Poliakov & Broza, 2000 (Entomobryidae) and Heterosminthurus insignis (Reuter, 1876) (Bourletiellidae) are new for Iranian fauna. All species from the present study are reported for the first time from Kurdistan province. Short explanation of each collected species including material examined, distribution and short description and illustration for the new records are given.

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 System evaluations were performed on 48 center pivots in different parts of Saudi Arabia. These systems, located on different farms in four different regions of the country, namely: Riyadh, Jouf, Qassim and Eastern regions, were evaluated to study the effect of lateral configuration on water application uniformity as regards the original vs. modified laterals. Lateral configuration modifications have been made by the local farmers through a chang of the position of the lateral and spray nozzles from the original design. Depths of water distribution along the lateral, Coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and Distribution uniformity of the low quarter (Du) were determined and compared for the original and modified laterals under field conditions. The average values of Cu for original systems ranged between 71.81 and 89.46% with an overall average of 82.69%, whereas the average values of Cu for modified systems rangingbetween 61.35 and 84.33% with an overall average of 78.05%. Also, the values of Du ranged between 54.14 and 81.81% with an overallaverage of 73.24% for the original systems, while these values for the modified systems ranging between 31.45 and 77.07% with an overall average of 66.87%. The results finally indicated that the values of uniformity for original vs. modified laterals were significantly different indicating that there existed a noticble adverse effect of center pivot lateral configuration on the uniformity of water application.

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Potato Tuber Moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most destructive pests of potatoes under field and storage conditions. Exploiting plant resistance may help control the pest in an eco-friendly manner. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the resistance status of six common potato cultivars (Banba, Bellini, Draga, Marfona, Jelly, and Milva) under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 65±5% RH and 14:10 (L: D) hours photoperiod). Life history and demographic parameters of P. operculella under laboratory conditions were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, which could be appropriate indices in resistance and susceptibility evaluation of potato cultivars. Pre-adult development was slower on Marfona and faster on Banba (19.91 and 21.93 days, respectively) compared to the other cultivars. The longest oviposition days was found on Jelly (8.20 days), while the shortest (5.43 days) was on Bellini. The maximum values of r and λ were found on Marfona (r= 0.160 d^-1, λ= 1.173 d^-1), whereas the minimum values were recorded on Draga (r= 0.092 d^-1, λ= 1.096 d^-1). According to the findings of the present study, Draga was considered resistant and a less favorable host plant for the development and reproduction of PTM. These demographic data may be used to better understand the population dynamics of the pest on the six potato cultivars tested, thereby inevitably improve efficient pest management approaches for PTM in both organic and conventional production systems.