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The effects of Pediiococcus acidilactici and Lactococcus lactis was evaluated on survival rate and some immunological parameters of L. vannamei during three months of cultivations. Treatments included control group, Pediococcus and Lactococcus treatments and probotic treatmentsfed at 1×10⁹ cfu g^-1. The results indicated that probiotics increased the survival rate (P<0.05). The best immune performance was shown in the probiotics treatments; phenoloxidase activity, proteins, and globulin hemolymph showed  significant difference compared to the control treatment (P<0.05), whereas there were no significant influence on lysozyme activity (P≥0.05). In general, pediococcus treatment showed the best performance in enhancing the immune responses and survival rate.  

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The identity crisis and Existential dichotomy are among axial issues of immigration literature; however one of the principal critters of postcolonial literature is the effort of author to inverse the power status between the colonizer’s language and colonizer’s language which is a form of Soft Clash with Colonialism. That way, the study of intelligent exchanges between these two languages in literary work, explains the position, skill, and creativity of the author for using the language tool. This paper proposes to highlight the influence of common and similar experiences of Italian-somalin author, Cristina Ali Farah, and Algerian francophone author, Assia Djebar in their novels: The Little Mother and The Disappearance of the French language. At first, we present the style of writing of these authors relying on postcolonial literature expert Zabus. Then, we study the tight relationship between the language and identity concept, by using analytical-comparative method and emphasizing the approach of American School.

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Aim The present study aimed to analyze the strategies based on natural resource potentials to improve the livelihood of rural households in Najafabad region of Kurdistan province using SWOT analysis.
Methods The statistical population of this study included experts and rural residents. The sample size was 337 rural residents and 51 experts based on Cochran formula and matching with Krejcie and Morgan table. The items of questionnaires designed as a rating scale based on the five options Likert. Reliability of questionnaires was determined by Cronbach's alpha that obtained 0.85 for rural residents and 0.82 for experts. SWOT model was used to determine strategies for improving the livelihood of rural households.
Findings According to the results, “natural potentials such as suitable rangelands for animal husbandry” and “the presence of local, committed and experienced manpower in the village” were determined as the most important strengths from the viewpoint of experts and rural residents, respectively. “Traditional use and exploitation of rangeland and agricultural lands” and “high unemployment rate and low income” were determined as the most important weaknesses from the viewpoint of experts and rural residents, with a relative weight of 86.27 and 86.62, respectively. “The existence of a favorable vision and serious effort for rural development in the country” and “providing credit facilities and low-interest loans” were the most important opportunities.
Conclusion A competitive strategy has been obtained for improving the livelihood of the studied region relying on teaching and planning new methods of exploiting water resources and planting drought-resistant species.

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In this paper, we provide additional data on the orb-weaver spider fauna (Araneae: Araneidae) of Kosovo. Three species are reported for the first time from this country: Araneus grossus (C.L. Koch, 1844), Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772) and Cyclosa oculata (Walckenaer, 1802). In consideration of the findings and the updated checklist of Araneidae in this study, the documented number of spider species in Kosovo has now increased to 251. Given that the spider fauna of Kosovo is still not fully explored, our study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing exploration to better comprehend the diversity of spider species within the region.

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Aims: The study of natural shells has long been considered by architects. This research focuses on investigation and recognition of "Rotationally Symmetrical Synclastic" shells (RSS shells). It aims to promote and introduce the structural capabilities of RSS shells in architecture in order to promote the use of the bird eggshell pattern in nature.
Methods: The research method is mixture of the descriptive-analytical and the comparative methodology; with the use of the primary sources, MATLAB analytical software, and parametric analysis of the optimality of bird eggshell surfaces as examples of natural RSS shells. The research method is set to introduce how to use the optimal and functional capabilities of these surfaces in architecture.
Findings: First, an introduction of RSS shells and their morphology is presented with an emphasis on bird eggshells. Next, the issue of bird eggshell optimality and the usability of optimal forms and structures of these shells in architecture is discussed. Finally, after interpreting and analyzing the data, a parametric analysis of the optimality of eggshell surfaces was carried out, which informed the use of similar RSS shells in architecture.
Conclusion: By using digital analysis tools in parametric modeling of bird eggshells, more optimal RSS shells can be achieved in contemporary architecture. Shells with minimal materials and the ability to run faster and easier than other shells, which can be suitable coverings for large spans.

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Because of the low Reynolds numbers in microchannels, using of micromixers to improve the flow mixing is essential. Therefore, in this study mixing in nine different micromixer geometries, such as: simple T-shaped micromixer, micromixer with rectangular or parallelogram ribs on the walls of the mixing channel, T-shaped micromixer with two additional parallel or perpendicular inlet channels, micromixer with circular or triangular barriers in the middle of the mixing channel, rhombus micromixer with thick or thin edges, has been investigated. Sinusoidal oscillatory velocity with a phase difference of 180 degrees relative to each other has been applied to channels inlet. The governing equations have been solved numerically using the finite volume method. For all geometries time variation of mixing degree at microchannel outlet and the variation of mixing degree along the channel length have been computed. Results show that for micromixers, which divide the flow to several layers such as rhombus micromixers, mixing degree is high and the micromixers with ribs on the walls have lower mixing degrees. Also, there is an optimum frequency at constant average velocity in which the mixing degree has its highest value.

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In recent decades, the theory of Sustainable Development has been introduced to several strands of science. This theory and its special view to communities (Sustainable Community Development) as the cell of urban life, demonstrates the solution to urban problems by highlighting the meaning of city neighborhoods. In the local scale, it is essential to use a collaborative process of development, which is based on the active participation of local people as social capital. In this way, the perception of local residents of a collaborative process is what makes this process successful or otherwise. This article identifies the perception of local residents towards the collaborative process and its positive and negative aspects. This is done using the “Deep Interview” and “Focus Group Discussion” techniques, deployed within the Jolfa Mahalla community, as a sample urban neighborhood in Tehran, with a rich historical background and strong social networks. This paper aims to argue that the lack of participatory culture between people and local residents can lead to the breakdown of relationship and communication between them, but more importantly, the absence of local urban spaces in neighborhoods further augments this problem. Thus, making suitable local spaces encourages people to participate in local development projects.

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Creep failure is one of the most common mechanisms which determine the life of mechanical components operating at high temperature. Gas turbine blades are among the components which operate at high temperature under mechanical loads. In new designs, cooling flow passes through the inner channels of the blade to decrease blade temperature. One of the main parameters of the cooling system is the coolant’s heat transfer coefficient. In this paper, the effect of wall roughness of the cooling channels and coolant’s specific humidity on the cooling heat transfer coefficient has been investigated. The blade body and cooling channels are regarded as a heat exchanger with a thermal barrier coating and convective- film cooling. For this purpose, the physical properties of the coolant have been considered as a function of temperature and humidity. Then, the influence of the channel’s roughness on the heat transfer coefficient has been investigated and an analytical method has been used to obtain the temperature distribution. The results show that in the rough channels, coolant receives more heat from the blade body and consequently decreases its temperature especially in the critical section. Also, it has been shown that with increasing humidity; the coolant temperature reduces along the blade span comparing with the case of using dry air and consequently, the blade metal temperature reduces with about 2.5 percent. It has been shown that by increasing coolant’s humidity and roughness of the channels in a reasonable range, blade’s creep lifetime can be increased by up to 3.18 times.

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Since the majority of fluids in engineering and biologic applications are non-Newtonian, the study on mixing of non-Newtonian fluids is very important. Secondary flows are used in curved micromixers to improve the mixing of fluids. In this study, a numerical study was performed on the mixing of non-Newtonian fluids in curved micromixers using Open source CFD code of OpenFOAM. The flow was assumed three-dimensional, steady and incompressible and Reynolds numbers were between 0.1-300. Also, water and CMC solution were used for simulation of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid flows, respectively. The effect of Reynolds number, power-law viscosity parameters and micromixer geometry on mixing index and non-dimensional pressure drop was studied and results were compared with those of the straight channel micromixer. The results showed that the mixing index decreased by decreasing the power law index. The mixing index was high for shear thinning flows in micromixers with sharp turns. Also, by increasing the Reynolds number, and therefore velocity, centrifugal force effects increased and mixing improved. Simultaneous investigation of mixing index and pressure drop showed that for low Reynolds numbers and small power law indexes micromixer-b had better performance.

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In the present work, the transient behavior of a single spool turbojet engine as a function of fuel flow rate is investigated, using fourth order nonlinear dynamic model based on the airplane longitudinal dynamics, compressor and turbine dynamics and dynamics of rotor. Taking into account the thermodynamic variables in all five components of the engine and representing desired parameters as function of time are contributions of the paper. Moreover, we use inter-component volume method in our study which results in more accurate simulations. In this method, by adding the pressure and temperature fluctuations, caused by saved mass, a more precise model is obtained. Taking advantage of this method and using the governing thermodynamic and Gas dynamic equations, the governing dynamic equations of engine are obtained. By solving the equations in MATLAB software, the influence of the fuel flow rate on the output variables is studied. It should be mentioned that fly considered horizontal and in specific height of 2500 (m) at all of the simulation period. Engine thrust is specifically considered as the desired modeling parameter. In addition, the variation in airplane velocity, as an important parameter in the internal fuel flow rate, is added to the simulations, resulting in more accuracy. Studying the dynamic behavior of the engine thrust is a pre-requisite to the design of appropriate controllers that is the next step of this research.