---

Narrative discourse and the arrangement of its components that reflect the narrative world provide the accessibility terms to the ideology and hidden values in the text; hence, it is important in the multilateral understanding of literary texts. Because the experiences and comprehension of the authors in interaction with the surrounding world do not have a similar effect on their perception, the narrative discourse changes from one narrative type to another.In “Biroon Az Gozashteh” by “Mehri Bahrami”various worlds coexist, there is no border between reality and fantasy, and the multiverse idea helps to understand the narrative discourse of the story. The main objective of this article is to show the selection of elements of the discourse through which the author constructs the story and the dominant ideology of the text, by investigating the narrative discourse of the novel. This research is text-oriented and has been done using text analyzing method. The main focus of this article is to investigate criteria such as the narration type’ various kinds of narratorsand their relation with the characters’ embodied experiences the narrator and characters and in line with it the formation of aesthetic and symbolic objects and hidden location in the narration. In this novel, the narrator’s subjective functions and her connection to other constructive elements of the text have an identity function and reflect the ideology of a text that tries to depict a woman who wants to pass behind her cultural-historical past and create a new self of herself.

 

---

Rural handwoven carpet weavers, particularly in the context of handmade silk carpet production, grapple with significant challenges concerning recognizing all stakeholders and establishing timely connections. These challenges have a substantial impact on the adoption of innovation in carpet production and the overall enhancement of productivity. This research was conducted to scrutinize the communication network of carpet weavers within the Knowledge and Innovation System (KIS) of handmade silk carpet production in rural areas. Data were gathered through interviews with 270 rural households in Zanjan province, specifically in the Tarom, Khodabandeh, and Zanjan counties, utilizing a structured questionnaire. Social Network Analysis (SNA) in UCINET was employed to examine the interactions among these actors, and graphical representations were created using Net Draw. The results revealed that the network's density varied across different levels, showing weakness in some cases, moderate strength in others, and strong connections in select instances. The connections of carpet weaving families with other actors within the KIS were predominantly localized. Among these families, those utilizing the home-based wage production method exhibited the most extensive interactions. The individuals designated as "FMs" (likely referring to family members) and "WNVKRs" (possibly local experts) demonstrated the highest degree of connection and influence within the network of weavers' interactions
 

---

 

---

---

Education and research are fundamental pillars of educational systems, including agricultural higher education institutions. However, an inadequate balance between these components can lead to a deviation from the primary goals of these institutions. This study aimed to conduct a pathological analysis of the equilibrium between education and research in the higher education system of agriculture in Iran. “Three-pronged pathology model” was utilized, comprising components of “context” (including knowledge, moral, individual-psychological, satisfaction, and the thematic nature), “behavior” (including planning, coordination, control, and monitoring), and “structure” (including demonstrative, diversity, consequence, and political). This quantitative study is applied in purpose, non-experimental in design, retrospective in timing, survey-based in data collection, and descriptive-causal comparative in data analysis. The data collection instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire, with face and content validity confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach's alpha for each variable (0.704 ≤ α ≤ 0.902). The statistical population comprised faculty members from agricultural departments of public universities in Iran (N=3335), with a sample of 307 selected. Results indicated a tendency among faculty members towards research activities. The greatest gap and imbalance between education and research were observed in the areas of context, followed by structure and behavior. This indicates that the existing context and structure push faculty members towards research activities for their sustainability and advancement in the agricultural higher education system. This poses a serious issue that must be addressed by policymakers and decision-makers.
 

---

Smart security, driven by cutting-edge security knowledge, infrastructure, political landscape, and media utilization, plays a vital role in facilitating and boosting economic activities. The political dynamics among nations and geopolitical developments in the vicinity of each country directly impact the fluctuations in tourism within that nation. The more effectively a political entity can execute security measures, the safer it appears to tourists, ultimately fostering more sustainable economic development. Due to the omnipresence and influence of media in contemporary life, the nature of security measures significantly affects the enhancement or weakening of economic indicators. This paper is a comparative study of the African tourists’ impression of Iran before and after the   revolution.  This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach to assess the state of smart security from the perspective of foreign tourists who visited Iran during the first half of the year 2023. The sampling method utilized in this study was systematic random sampling, resulting in a sample size of 133 individuals. The findings of this research reveal that 81% of tourists perceive Iran's security and political situation as influential in tourism attraction. Furthermore, after entering Iran and experiencing the reality, 62% of tourists have a positive perception of the security situation and its impact on tourism. Therefore, the adoption of intelligence and sustainable security measures will lead to increased economic prosperity and overall well-being.


 

---

Background: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the main bacteria which are responsible forurinary tract, blood stream, cerebrospinal fluid, lower respiratory tract, and wound infections in Hamadan province in the west of Iran.
Materials and Methods:In this study,a total of 773 urinary tract, 273 blood stream, 13 cerebrospinal fluid, 408 respiratory tract, and 147 wound positive samples were collected from patients who referred toBesat hospital from April 2013 to October 2014.Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Modified Disk Diffusion Method (MDDM) against different classes of antibiotic.
Results: The most common pathogens isolatedfrom urine tract, blood stream, cerebrospinal fluid, lower respiratory tract, and wound infections wereE. coli 425 (54.9%),S. aureus 68 (24.9%),Klebsiellaspp. 3 (23%), P. aeruginosa 110 (26.9%), and S. aureus 30 (20.4%) respectively.The overall prevalence of resistance to the antimicrobial agents testedin various clinical specimens is discussed in this study.
Conclusion: The high resistancerate was observed in our study to most used antibiotics. Therefore, setting up a comprehensive surveillance systemis need to evaluate the distribution of organisms isolated and their drug resistance pattern over different period of time and place of Iran.

---

The enhancement of energy consumption and increasing demand for oil have led to using improve oil recovery methods. Chemical enhanced oil recovery methods are among the most widly used techniques. Generally, the effect of these methods has been less than the predicted amounts by the studies. One of the leading causes, could be due to the loss of chemicals by adsorption or precipitation of the surfactants on the rock surface. The mineralogy of the reservoir rocks is effective in determination of the interaction between the bulk of the fluid phase and rock surface. This effect will change in the surface charge of the adsorbent and wettability alteration of the rocks.
Research subject: In this study, the adsorption of AOT surfactant on the surface of a hydrophilic adsorbent of carbonate reservoir was investigated. For this purpose, after the preparation of rock and fluid samples, the adsorption of surfactant was investigated in concentrations below and above the CMC.
Research approach: Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to measure the amount of surfactant adsorption on the surface of carbonate rock. First different concenteration of AOT solutions and carbonate rock as adsorbent were combined. After 48h, the equilibrium concentrations were determined by using the calibration curve and. The amount of surfactant adsorption can be calculated by knowing the maqnitudes of  equilibrium and initial concentration of the surfactant.

---

Work Songs during the work have a great extent .Several examples of these songs can be observed among the farmers, stockbreeders and weavers. These songs make the work space free from the monotony and strictness alleviating the tiredness and exhausting pain of work, and reinforce the men and women effort, resulting in  movement sensation and hope during the work. The composed poems in the field of work and business in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, form at large scale the literature of this area. In the environment of work, men and women from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad have had the poem in tune with someone who was doing the work. This kind of poem has had an appropriate music and sensation. They are anonym composers who compose these songs to show their happiness, sorrows, loneliness, and pains. These songs have had an important role in transferring the cultures; rituals and manners between the generations. In the rural and tribal society of this area, there have been some works such as farming, rice milling, milking and dyeing where the workers composed songs to have the pleasure and fun. This article tries to consider and analyze the agricultural songs (rice milling, rice farming), livestock songs, breeding and knitting songs.

---

DNA molecules contain nitrogenous bases that look like fluorophores; however they are weakly or non-fluorescent. Hence, it is important to identify DNA binding-ligands that do not show fluorescence emission in the Free State, though their fluorescence intensity increases upon binding to DNA. Here, we report metal ions (either K and Na) induced guanine quadruplex formation with PS2.M, d (GTG3TAG3CG3T2G2), which shows peroxidase function when complexed with hemin. Ultravioletvisible absorption spectroscopy revealed activity of the PS2.M oligomer as DNAzyme, and Circular Dichroism spectroscopy showed the formation of G-quadruplex structure of PS2.M. We also studied the intrinsic fluorescence of G-quadruplex forming peroxidase-like DNAzyme. The fluorescence spectra showed increment in the intrinsic fluorescence of folded DNA in comparison with its unfolded structure of the same sequence. Moreover, unsymmetrical cyanine dye (SYBR gold) was utilized as a probe for the study of the extrinsic fluorescence of G-quadruplex DNA, where it could discriminate between the single and four-stranded structures of DNA. Also the G-quadruplex dye interaction was also investigated using Circular Dichroism and Fluorescence spectroscopies.

---

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of healthy nutrition education on the body mass index (BMI) of health volunteers in Ilam Province, Iran.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, two cities of Ilam Province were randomly selected and their active health volunteers (n = 70) were randomly placed in two groups of experimental and control after providing written informed consent. Data were collected by using the valid (by a panel of experts) and reliable (by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.92) questionnaire (developed by the researcher) and standard equipment and methods at two stages: before and six months after the intervention. The experimental group participated in a one-day training workshop with an emphasis on increasing the knowledge of participants in the field of obesity and its problems. Data were analyzed using SPSS19 and the statistical tests, Chi-square test and T-test.
Findings: The mean of BMI in the experimental group decreased significantly by 2.4 after intervention and reached to 25.1 ± 1.8, but there was no decrease in BMI mean in the control group. In the experimental group, the relationship between age and education level and weight loss was not significant, but the relationship between weight loss and having a BMI above 25 was significant.
Conclusion: Weight loss in the experimental group compared to the control group suggests the impact of the intervention of the education; however, its difference between the existed weight loss standards imply that the education for nutrition just for modifying BMI was not enough.

---

Research subject: It is not an easy task to get a suitable model of polymerization due to complex mechanism and kinetic of such processes. Polymerization temperature, as an intermediate variable between determining final polymer properties, is a good selection to be controlled. Fuzzy logic has ability to be applied to processes with unknown or less informed dynamics.
Research approach: In this research, control of semi batch poly(ethylene terephthalate) reactor temperature was studied. To do so, error and error variation were calculated using measured reactor temperature. Error and error variation were fuzzified using triangular membership functions. Five and three fuzzy sets were introduced to fuzzify error and error variation, respectively. Hence, fifteen rules were defined. Five fuzzy sets were defined to quantify these fifteen rules. Weight average defuzzification method was applied to calculate necessary heat to the reactor. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) was synthesized in a semi batch reactor based on a two steps method. It is possible to monitor temperature, pressure, rotation speed and mixing torque in this set up.
Main results: Produced water during esterification determines reaction advancement. In polycondensation step, mixing torque determines end of the process. Linguistic based fuzzy rules were applied to both steps. Reference temperatures were 230^oC and 260^oC, respectively. Reactor temperature was controlled with 1-2^oC precision. Control logic was applied using C#.net real time programming.

---

Problem :The design and form of the city in animation films and video games is one of the conceptual design elements that is formed to show the activity space of the characters and the place of events in the story world. Seeing the character in the space in which he acts leads to the recognition of both the characteristics of nature and identity. In this study, the urban design of the animated film Ralph Breaks the Internet is examined as a study example to identify and analyze the indicators of urban form in the interpretation of the film from the virtual space of the Internet and the video games Sugar Rush and Deadly Race.
Target: Therefore, the aim of the research is to know the indicators of urban design used in internet city spaces and games, so that their similarities and differences with realistic urban design for human life can be determined.
Method:A qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach was used in the implementation of the research. Also, the theories of Leo Brudy and Jenny Bavidage were taken into consideration in the study of the urban spaces of the games.
Findings:The findings of the research show that Internet City has transformative and disruptive capabilities according to its neighbourhoods, as well as Deadly Race with nostalgic/transformative capabilities and Sugar Rush are evaluated as nostalgic.
Result: In conclusion, considering that exaggeration and caricature are used in the conceptual design of the visual elements of the animation film, urban design in this work is an imaginary and exaggerated interpretation of the zero and one virtual space of the Internet, based on which the image of the Internet city is based on the moving image. It has been shown, while indicators such as physical elements, organization of urban arteries and infrastructures are designed based on responding to the needs of the characters and at the same time visual appeal to the audience, as well as the cultural and commercial goals of selling goods made from the elements and atmosphere of the film.

---

Research subject: Hydrodesulfurization is one of the effective methods to remove sulfur compounds from oil fractions and improve fuel quality. One of the major challenges in this process is to find the proper catalyst support that performs best. In the meantime, modified supports with zeolite have allocated a lot of attention due to their strong acidic sites, specific surface area and high hydrothermal and chemical stability; But the acidity and volume of zeolite mesopores need to be corrected.
Research approach: In this study, first, hierarchical Y zeolite was prepared using post-synthesis (Dealumination) and using ammonium form of zeolite and NH₄F solution (0.75 M) at 90˚C for 3h under reflux conditions. Physicochemical properties of zeolite were investigated by BET, FESEM, FTIR, AAS and XRD analyzes. Modified zeolites were used in the support synthesis of the HDS process catalyst. The sulfidation and performance evaluation of the prepared catalysts were carried out in the fixed-bed microreactor were performed with diesel cutting feed from the Isomax unit of the target refinery.
Main results: The results show that the volume of mesopores, specific surface area and SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio in hierarchical zeolites has increased 0.073 cm³ g^-1, 783.36 m² g^-1 and 5.2, respectively (initial values are 0.032 cm³ g^-1, 567.18 m² g^-1 and 4.5). The results of zeolite analysis show the preservation of the structure and crystallinity during the zeolite modification process. The effect of zeolite modification, especially the Si/Al ratio variations, mesopores and specific surface area, was investigated on the activity of NiMo/Zeolite+Al₂O₃ catalysts. Increasing the acidity and improving the physicochemical properties of the modified zeolites has increased the catalyst performance in the process of diesel hydrodesulfurization (Conversion= 90%). Improving the activity of catalysts can be attributed to the positive effect of zeolites on the dispersion of the metallic site, surface area, acidity, optimal size of pores and volume of catalyst mesopores.

---

---

Alfalfa witches’ broom (AWB) is one of the most important alfalfa diseases in Iran. To characterize 16SrII group phytoplasmas associated with this disease, symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected during 2013-2015 and subjected to direct and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR2 and R16F2n/R16R2. PCR amplicons of ~1.8, ~1.4 and ~1.25 kb respectively, were obtained only from all symptomatic plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of R16F2n/R2 amplicons showed that the phytoplasma associated with AWB disease were members of 16SrII group subgroups 16SrII-D and -C. Blast analysis of these amplicon sequences and sequence homology of collected strains and strain sequences retrived from GenBank (AWB strains Chahgeer, Juyom and Bushehr) confirmed that AWB phytoplasmas collected from Bafg, Ardakan, Bahabad and Herat (Yazd province), Nikshahr (Sistan-Baluchestan), Bam, Zarand, Jiroft (Kerman province), Bushehr (Bushehr province), Tabas (South Khorasan province), Jowkar (Hamedan province) and Zardenjan (Esfahan province) cluster with phytoplasma strains enclosed in the 16SrII-D subgroup, while AWB strains from Chahgeer (Yazd province) and Juyom (Fars province) cluster with phytoplasma strains in the 16SrII-C subgroup. Based on these results the predominant strains of 16SrII phytoplasmas associated with AWB disease in Iran were classified in the 16SrII-D subgroup. In Ashkezar and Abarkouh in Yazd province entire alfalfa farm was infected with witches’ broom disease. In 3 year alfalfa stands in Ashkezar alfalfa farms were plowed due to high incidence of the disease.

---

Research subject: In recent decades, hybrid optimizations methods based on natural phenomenon have placed special position according to their capabilities in finding optimal solutions without expensive computational loads and disassociation on choosing initial points. Artificial Neural Network is used as one of the powerful tools of Artificial Intelligence for process simulation. The employment of the neural network in the modeling of m-Cresol alkylation process of with isopropanol as well as meta-heuristic methods in obtaining the optimal conditions for the catalyst and the reaction can prepare an effective step towards a high efficiency process.
Research approach: In the present study, the artificial neural network is applied to model alkylation of m‐Cresol with isopropanol process. In addition, the bee colony is employed in order to optimize the process yield. To verify its performance, the proposed method is used in prediction of the m‐Cresol conversion and Thymol selectivity of the alkylation process with isopropanol 120 data. In this process, the input variables are Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV), pressure and temperature; m-cresol conversion and thymol selectivity are considered as the output variables of the neural network. Five hidden neurons are considered for the proposed neural network. 120 data is used to train the neural network. The meta-heuristic approach based on bee colony (BC) is applied to maximize the yield of the process.
Main results: The results confirm that the proposed method develops the accurate model with an R² value of greater than 97.5%. The maximum yield is obtained 28.9% by bee colony algorithm with adjustable variables that are WHSV of 0.062 hr^-1, the pressure of 1.5 bar and the temperature of 300^oC. In addition, in order to achieve the better performance of the optimization algorithm, the appropriate values of acceleration coefficient and population size are chosen 100 and 10 during the trial-and-error phase.

---

Folklore makes up a vast part of a society’s culture and literature. To have a fine understanding of what one is looking for beliefs, culture and civilization of any society and its folklore should precisely be studied. This also can be helpful in understanding the vague and problematic areas found in old literary texts and poetry.
Of Iranian's folklore is Ekhtelaj which is considered unintentional both in ancient and modern medicine. The early people attributed what might happen a person himself, his relatives and / or properties to Ekhtelaj and made predictions which are not justifiable based on ancient and modern medicine as well as modern psychology.
Ekhtelaj was so influencing among people and their folklore that exists in all written literary works( i.e. prose and verse).This can be found in Kelileh and Demnneh,in works of old poets (e.g Khaghani, Nizami,Kamaladin Isfahani,Sa'eb Tabrizi) as well as contemporary poets (e.g.Forough Farokhzad and Gheisar Aminpour).
To collect information, survey library methods were used. The present research deals with this leading issue in Persian literature. It has been given a try to define its literal definition, discuss its idiomatic concept, elaborate on its physiological aspect and then the most important part focuses on Ekhtelaj in folklore and its reflection in Persian Literature. The study results reveal that Ekhtelaj was a main element in ancient Iranian's folklore and its occurrence would be interpreted as a case of something good and /or something unpleasant.

---

The purpose of the study is to identify factors  that does not originate directly from the training program and how to implement it, but included in the two following categories of “organization environment” and “meta-organizational factors” affecting the training application in the organization. The findings of the study were obtained using qualitative research and case study method. The research analysis unit was Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014. To collect data, 34 people were considered for the population, including 13 managers, 12 faculty members and 9 employees. The research instrument was open interview and semi-structured interview. Results showed that factors affecting the training application in university following factors related to organization environment include eight factors: climate of application of Education, Supervisor and Peer Support, outcome of application, Providing a appropriate substrate, Encourage to work,Organization Culture, Occupation Guarantee and Organization Demandsand meta-organizational factors are 3 factor: Expectations of society, Social status and the rapid development of science and technology. Considering these factors could help organizations to achieve the goal of “Application of Training”, that is the perennial concerns of managers and main factor to assess the effectiveness of education.

---

Wisdom is a complex concept for which an accepted definition has not been presented yet. However, experts generally agree that wisdom consists of knowledge, insight, reflection, and the combination of an individual’s interests and others’ welfare. Due to the mysterious nature of wisdom, it has been the focus of research in different times, places and cultures. Since wisdom has a close relation with culture, and no clear definition of wisdom is available in Iranian culture, the present study analyzed and discussed wisdom and wisdom features in Shahnameh through the comparative study of characteristics of wisdom behavior in Zal based on Ardedt’s three-dimensional model. The population of this qualitative study included Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Through purposive sampling, Zal was selected for further analysis. Shahnameh’s content was analyzed through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Findings showed that wisdom features include religiosity and ethics, thinking/ awareness, perception of facts and lack of subjectivism and projection, empathy / affection and support/ service, communication and acquisition of cultural experiences and values. Furthermore, results showed that it is possible to express wisdom in five different dimensions, including spiritual, cognitive, reflective, emotional, social and cultural dimensions.