---

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata is one of the major insect pests of potato. Toxicity of spinosad, as a bio-rational insecticide, was investigated against various developmental stages of this pest. Bioassays were conducted by using the eggs, neonates, first, second, third and fourth instar larvae and adults. The potato leaves were impregnated with different concentrations of spinosad and applied for the adults and different larvae bioassays. The eggs were tested through dipping its masses into the insecticide solutions. LC₅₀ values of neonates, first, second, third and fourth instar larvae and unsexed adults after 24 hours were 2.06, 3.19, 4.75, 6.46, 20.24 and 11.97 ppm (of commercial formulation), respectively. Results show that spinosad did not possess any ovicidal effects and the fourth instar larvae and neonates were the most tolerant and the most susceptible stages, respectively. Susceptibility of the neonates (up to 24 hrs after hatching) was significantly higher than that of first instar larvae (24-48 hrs after hatching). Developmental stages of Colorado potato beetle responded differentially to this insecticide. Since the control of L. decemlineata mostly relies on early season measures against the most susceptible stage(s), by considering no ovicidal effect, our results propose a limited interval, for avoiding the highly tolerant larvae.

---

View on Scopus
The focus of this study was to extend investigations on Collembola fauna in parts of Hyrcanian forests - Hezarjirib forests, located near Neka in Mazandaran province. For this, irregular samplings from leaf litter and soil in different localities were done during 2020–2021. The springtail specimens were extracted by Berlese funnel and after permanent slide mounting identified by relevant taxonomic keys. It resulted in the identification of 25 species belonging to eight families and 19 genera. Three species including Hypogastrura papillata Gisin, 1949 (Hypogastruridae), Lepidocyrtus bicoloris Mateos, 2012 (Entomobryidae) and Folsomia trisetata Jordana & Ardanaz, 1981 (Isotomidae) were recorded for the first time from Iran. Brief information for each species including the material studied, distribution and some illustrations of the new records are given.

---

View on Scopus

To expand study of Iranian Collembola fauna, the present study was conducted to investigate springtails fauna of different ecosystems such as forests, grasslands and gardens in the vicinity of Behshahr in the east of Mazandaran province, during 2020−2021. Several samples of soil and leaf litter were collected and specimens were extracted by Berlese funnel. Collected materials were identified by relevant taxonomic keys. The results indicated 29 species from 21 genera belonging to 10 families. Two species including Sminthurides inaequalis Börner, 1903 (Sminthurididae) and Hypogastrura neglecta Börner, 1901 (Hypogastruridae) were recorded for the first time from Iran. Despite numerous studies to identify Collembola fauna in Iran, many species are still unknown.

---

The present study was conducted to investigate springtail fauna of different ecosystems in Savadkuh County, southeast of Mazandaran province, during 2021–2022. Results of the current study led to the identification of 26 species, which were determined as new records for Savadkuh Collembola fauna. Additionally, a new species of Isotomurus Börner of the family Isotomidae is described from northern Iran. The new species, Isotomurus matanicus sp. nov. belongs to a species-group characterized by 3,3,1 trichobothria on Abd. II–IV, 3+3 laterodistal setae on ventral tube, and no seta on mucro. The main differences between I. matanicus sp. nov. and the other species determined in this study are summarized. The list of collected species with the description of the new species is given and illustrated.

---

Ceratophysella Bӧrner, 1932 is the second largest genus of the family Hypogastruridae and contains 146 species from all over the world, with nine species reported from Iran. Specimens were extracted from soil and leaf litter samples using a modified Berlese funnel. The DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene were obtained from the whole body of Ceratophysella specimens. A Maximum Likelihood tree is also generated based on the sequences of COI gene representing the overall phylogenetic affinities of the known Ceratophysella species. In the present study, C. communis (Folsom, 1897) and C. impedita Skarzynski, 2002 are recorded for the first time from Iran. Ceratophysella, communis is re-described, and its diagnostic characters are illustrated. An identification key to Ceratophysella species of Iran is given.