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We measured the impacts of coastal modification on beach erosion and beach retreat conditions, selecting the Miankaleh Region as an example of a complex high-pressure free zone with high levels of engineering and tourism activity. Nine sampling transects, stretching from the shoreline to a 10 meter depth, were defined and 36 sediment samples were collected from the sea bed at depths of 1, 3, 5, and 10 m. After conducting laboratory tests, data were analyzed in terms of sediment dynamic parameters such as grain size, sediment size distribution, mean, median, skewness, kurtosis, standard deviation, and mineral composition. Beach structure and morphodynamic conditions were assessed in the Miankaleh region, by means of satellite image interpretation and field surveys. Results show that from 1978 until the present the average rate of beach retreat rapidly increased due to sea level rise and coastal constructions that have resulted in a progressive increase in sea level height in this region. Erosion vulnerability hazards have also increased in the eastern part of the study area and deposition processes have developed in the western Amirabad region.

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This study investigated the relationship between coaches' leadership style and satisfying the basic psychological needs of the premier-league male Kabaddi players. The statistical population includes all premier-league male kabeddi players' (144 male). Two questionnaires on coaches' leadership styles (LSS) and satisfying basic psychological needs were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and classify the data. Multi-variable regression was used to estimate the value and function of the independent variable on the dependent variable and complementary analysis. Structural equations (SEM) were used for modeling the parameter and trial analysis using LISREL software. Results show that coaches' leadership styles directly affect satisfying basic psychological needs. In conclusion, we suggest that coaches provide players' needs through positive interpersonal relationships, involving them in decision-making and motivating them to achieve desirable performance.

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Background: Exercise behavior is associated with decreased risks of mortality resulted from all causes. While people suffer from inactivity, doing stretching exercise as an important daily activity increases joints and muscles full range of motion and flexibility. This study aimed to assess the status of tension exercise behavior among Iranian office workers based on Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM).
Methods and Materials: In this cross sectional study, 420 office workers were selected randomly. The A self-reported questionnaire based on TTM and tension exercise behavior were used to collect data through self-reporting and analyzed by SPSS software version 16.
Results: Totally 420 office workers withmean age 37.12 ± 8.031 years were assessed. The results found that 11.7 % of the participants (N = 49) were in pre-contemplation stage, 32.9% (N = 138) in contemplation, 10 % (N = 42) in preparation stage, 24.5% (N = 103) in action stage and % 21 of participants (N = 88) were in maintenance stage. There were significant relationship between stages of TTM and tension exercise behavior.
Conclusions: This study indicated that about the majority of office workers were in contemplation and pre-contemplation stag regarding tension exercise. Therefore, designing proper educational intervention is strongly recommended

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The importance of the sea and its role in world economics and politics are indisputable and it is necessary to pay attention to it. The political history of the world testifies that countries that have a maritime strategy have been powerful and developed. Due to its long beaches in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, the country has a privileged geographic location in the country, with its other neighbors. Unfortunately, the regions of eastern and southeast Iran due to geographic isolation have always been neglected in national politics. To this end, one of the best strategies for promoting development and security in the region is the connection of the eastern parts to the Chabahar port and the coast of Makran. This research tries to explore the role of the Makran coastlines and the strategic sea politics of Iran on the development of the eastern axis using a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources. Initial studies show that if the Islamic Republic of Iran adopts a maritime strategy, Iran will witness the processing of its geopolitical, geo-economical and geostrategic advantages for the country. With the realization of the maritime policy, the Makran region is considered as a transit axis for the development of the south-east. In the face of the ostracism of a sea-based strategy based on the southeastern oceanic capacity of Iran, other Indian Oceanarians will use this potential. Therefore, it is suggested that, with a realistic and operational view, more attention be paid to maritime policy

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Background: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) is one of most prevalent health problems among individuals with limited physical activity. This study aimed to assess this problem among office workers in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. Methods and Material: Totally, 42 eligible office workers from three health centers related to ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences(SBUMS) between May, 2016-September, 2016 were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Of all these individuals, 420 office workers (response rate 99.2%) were satisfied to participate in this study. In Standard Nordic questionnaire were used to collect data. Collected data were entered into SPSS 16 and analyzed through descriptive and analytical tests. Results: Totally, 420 office workers with a mean age of37.1 ± 8.03 were examined in this study.The most prevalent WMSPD waslower back pain (N = 56, 13.3%) followed by neck pain (N = 46, 11.0%), wrist pain (N = 43, 10.2%), hip pain (N = 6, 1.4%) and pain in heel of foot (N = 17, 4%). The variables such as age (χ² = 24.99: P = 0.003); gender (χ² = 0.544; P = 0.028); employment status (χ² = 9.837: P = 0.007); duration of pain (χ² = 1.55l P = 0.001) and duration of treatment (χ² = 1.006; P=0.001) were significantly related to WMSD. Conclusions: Since the WMSD are prevalent among office workers of SBUMS, designing proper interventional studies are recommended. However, doing more researches to confirm the results of this study is guaranteed.

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Based on the theories of René Wellek and Henry Remak, interdisciplinary studies, as a sub-category of Comparative Literature, started to grow since 1980’s. The study of the relationship between literature and such arts as literature and painting has, since then, attracted the interest of many researchers. This paper is as attempt the relationship between poetry and painting through the poetry and paintings of Sohrob Sepehri. What have been discussed in this interdisciplinary research are the concepts of stasis and dynamism, which appear differently in the written language of poetry and the visual medium of painting. Though the main emphasis of this research is on interdisciplinarity, it still offers new perspective to a better understanding of Sepehri's poetry and paintings. The writers have tried to open the way for further interdisciplinary research in the field of Comparative Literature by elucidating a clear theoretical framework and research methodology.

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Maulana J'alalu·'d-din Muhammad Rumi and Walt Whitman are two of the greatest and most influential poets of the world. Nicholson considers Rumi as the greatest Sufi poet of all time, and the United Nations (UN) has named the year 2007 after him. Walt Whitman, on the other hand, is the poet who is entitled the father of the American Free Verse, and forms the third column of the trinity of American transcendentalism along with Emerson and Thoreau. Despite linguistic, cultural, temporal and spatial differences, both poets consider language an insufficient tool for the expression of the transcendental and mystical thoughts; hence, their readership is invitation for silence. Undoubtedly the poets have some differences in silence motif, which is rooted in their culture and language. Rumi denies language courageously to the extent that some of his ghazals end in silence. Whitman, too, expresses his concern for silence spasmodically; however, the real silence in his poetry happens when he invites the readers to be united with nature. In this paper, the authors have investigated the silence motif in the poetry of Rumi and Whitman using the theories “analogies without contact” and “Rapprochemen” within the domain of comparative literature.    

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Aim: Occupational health with the goals of providing, maintaining and enhancing the physical, psychological and social health of employees and preventing harmful factors is important.
One of the ways of preventing occupational hazards is to identify them in the workplace. So the purpose of this research is to identify hazards and risk assessment in order to provide the necessary information to help make the decisions required to reduce the occupation-related risks.
Methods: In this study, we used a combination of FMEA and AHP methods to assess the occupational risks of the cement industry.
Findings: In this study, eight hazards were first examined by the FMEA method, which was the highest risk priority number for occupational hazards. Then the hierarchical analysis process technique was used to evaluate and rank the hazards, with the risk of working at an elevated level with a relative weight of 0.2234 in the first place and the dangers of working with machinery with a relative weight of 0.20864.
Conclusion: The manufacturing activities in this industry are required to work in different conditions such as high altitude, work and contact with dangerous rotating and moving equipment, and high-risk manufacturing processes that provide suitable safety controls and structures for the protection of human capital and even upgrading machines. Therefore, the health of the staff and the work environment is necessary.

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The significant reduction of bollworm infestation by the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Bt Cotton as a component of IPM led to reduction in bollworm infestation and increase in yield. However, these alterations have brought in many new biotic problems hitherto unknown or of little economic importance. Field survey of rainfed Bt cotton fields in Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu, India during 2008-2014 revealed that the incidence of various insect pests and plant diseases is on the rise in different Bt cotton hybrids. In 2008-2009, it was observed that the Bt cotton was damaged by cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley), green mirid bug (Creontiades biseratance Distant) and root rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) which caused severe yield losses. In addition to that, other pests like papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink) and Alternaria leaf spot caused more damage in Bt cotton during 2009-10. Besides these pests, the mirid bug (Campyloma livida Reuter), stripped mealybug (Ferrissia virgata Ckll), tobacco streak virus, grey mildew Ramularia areola and boll rot incidence in Bt cotton were noticed in 2010-12. Apart from this pest and disease problems, the Alterrnaria leaf blight, root rot (Macrophomina phaseolina Maubl) and Myrothecium leaf spot caused severe yield losses in Bt cotton during 2012-2014. The survey revealed that, the pests and disease problems are increasing year by year in Bt cotton which caused yield reduction and also increased the cost of cultivation. If left unchecked these pests and disease problems are capable of undoing all benefits gained due to Bt cotton in terms of increased yield and reduction in use of chemical pesticides.

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Aim: Every year, a huge number of incidents of irreparable damage to personnel and industries occur, most of which are predictable with identifying hazards as well as risk assessment and control. Therefore, in order to prevent occupational accidents, the automotive industry is one of the top priorities for evaluating and identifying the hazards.
Methods: The purpose of this study is to identify, control and rank the hazards of actions and processes in the hazardous automotive industry. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out in 2017 in one unit of Iran Khodro Company by using FMEA method. Also to accurately assess the health risks and make decisions for corrective actions to prioritize hazard risks, Wiliam Fine and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) methods were used, respectively.
Findings: In this research, a list of 301 risks in 7 units including cutting line, assembly line, prototyping and modification, manufacturing, packaging, quality control, laboratory, and repair and maintenance were provided. The results of FMEA method indicated that the highest risk priority number (RPN) is related to the risks of particle swirling in grinding operations (336). Moreover, based on the results of William Fine method, the exposure to noise in the Kissing & Wessich Sersim Strandbauft operation was rated at 540 and 500, respectively, with the highest risk of evaluation. The risk of exposure to noise (Kicking operation) with a relative weight of 0/1904 was ranked the first.
Conclusion: The results of the hazard analysis showed that the effect of noise pollution that leads to hearing impairment in the staff is very high.

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Research subject: In this study, the occurrence of flooding due to the accumulation of sediment in the downcomer area, which led to an excessive increase in liquid on the upper trays of the distillation column was investigated in a refinery.
Research approach: Vacuum pressure in the upper area of the column, boiler feed water flow from the inlet to the condenser and the discharge of the net product as three very important and effective operational parameters in controlling the severity of the flooding phenomena and the amount of coking value as an important laboratory parameter to reduce the volume of inlet sediments entering the distillation column. Data and results of changes made on each of these three operational parameters showed their effectiveness in controlling the severity of the flooding phenomena.
Main results: In order to control and reduce the problems caused by the simultaneous flooding phenomena around the vacuum pump, the boiler feed water flow of the inlet to the condenser and the flow of the net output product were proportionally increased until the operating conditions of the distillation column are normalized. In this study, how to control the flooding phenomena and reduce the adverse effects due to the accumulation of sediments in the downcomer area of tray No. 22 and above was investigated.
To overcome these problems, first the vacuum pump rotation speed was increased from 850 rpm to 1250 rpm and the boiler feed water inlet to the condenser from 1.95 m³/hr to 3.2 m³/hr was increased. On the other hand, in order to prevent contamination of the pure product, the net output product flow rate also increased from 925 kg/hr to 2300 kg/hr. Also, with regular and accurate control of the coking value index as a very important laboratory parameter, the volume of coke sediments in the coal tar feed entering the distillation column was reduced from 37.5% by weight to 18.4% in a 30-day period after centrifugation.

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Aims: Since the occurrence of hazards in the steel industry has often been multiple and complex, the aim of this study was to identify the risk assessment in this industry in order to study the roots and realities of the risks and the causes of their occurrence, as well as to find solutions to reduce these risks.
Instruments & Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was conducted in the cement industry in Khorasan Razavi in 2017. FMEA and AHP methods were used to determine the most important safety hazards. The Risk Priority Number (RPN) was obtained from the multiplication of 3 factors including severity, probability of occurrence, and probability of discovery. Risk tolerance was used for the acceptable and unacceptable risks in the FMEA method.
Findings: The fluctuation of the flange and its breakage due to excessive water pressure in the furnace and lack of lighting for installation of the equipment in the furnace had a high risk. In the AHP method, the risk of breaking the flange was due to excessive water pressure in the furnace and lack of lighting to install the equipment in the furnace, which had a higher weight than the other hazards.
Conclusion: Although in the developing countries, the use of risk analysis methods with a preventive approach is not common, these problems have been resolved by communicating with the industry by recent studies.
It also emphasizes the use of decision-making methods to minimize the impact of judgments on risk assessment.

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Supplier development refers to the purchaser activities to improve supplier performance in the areas of quality, cost, time of ordering to delivery, service, reliability, and promotion of suppliers knowledge which positively affects the operational and business performance of purchaser. The present study deals with suppliers' development strategies including enhancement of suppliers’ quality improvement systems, data exchange with suppliers in the areas of quality, suppliers’ process improvement, suppliers’ productivity enhancement and contribute to the development of the suppliers’ product by the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Revised Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Revised DEMATEL) techniques. The population of the current research consists of the foundry companies having more than 200 subject as human resources in Iran which manufacture the automobile parts. The research findings have shown that financial perspective (0.5417) ,  learning and growth perspective (0.0688) are respectively the most important and the least important dimensions to improve organization performance. in addition , information exchange with suppliers in the areas of quality (0.30) and suppliers' productivity increasing (0.11) are respectively the most and least important strategies in suppliers' development.

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Aphidiinae is one of the most important subfamilies of Braconidae, species of which play an important role in biological control of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea). In this study, the effects of humidity and temperature on the density and dispersal of different species of the subfamily Aphidiinae were investigated in three different ecological areas of Bardsir (Kerman province), located in southeast Iran. Specimens were collected by a hand net on field crops in three stations (Bardsir, Lalehzar and Negar) during March to November 2013. Altogether nine species belonging to five genera (Aphidius, Praon, Diaeretiella, Trioxys and Lysiphlebus) were recorded from these areas. The results revealed that the majority of species were found in the area with temperature between 18 to 20 °C and/ or with humidity rate of 34 to 39%, 40.1 and 50.6 percent of specimens respectively. Most of the collected members of this subfamily were found in the average temperature of 18.5 ± 1.13 °C. Trioxys complanatus Quilis, 1931 was the dominant species. According to biodiversity and ecological indices, species diversity and dispersal were different in the three stations. In conclusion, temperature and humidity have great impact on species diversity and distribution pattern of Aphidiinae.

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Background: In late December 2019, a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pneumonia, began to spread from Wuhan, China. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently threatening the world’s public health and so far, no specific and effective treatment has been found for the disease. Due to the physiological changes in the body of pregnant women during pregnancy, the occurrence of infection in pregnant women could affect the health of both mother and her fetus. The present paper aimed to study the findings related to the effects of coronavirus on pregnant women and their fetuses during pregnancy, diagnostic methods, care protocols in pregnant women, and postpartum care.
Methods: The information included in this review was extracted from articles, published protocols, and valid statistics. In this study, articles indexed in Latin databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus), clinical protocols, and reports of reputable health organizations from January to august 2020 were reviewed using a combination of the following keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnant woman, and pregnancy.
Conclusion: Due to the global prevalence of this virus, protocols and health care should be applied for pregnant women in accordance with other people. It is also necessary to take preventive measures at the community level. In this regard, the management of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection is of particular importance during the pandemic period of the disease. However, more extensive studies are required to validate these principles. This review summarized the precautions that should be taken before and after delivery.

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Backgrounds:  Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder caused by intolerance to gliadin protein found in wheat, rye, and barley, which is prevalent among 1% of people in different parts of the world. Thus, in the last decades, the demand for gluten-free products has increased. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the degradation of wheat gluten in laboratory.
Materials & Methods: Yeast colonies obtained from cloning were assessed for the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with protease activity and then inoculated onto MSM (mineral salts medium) with 1% (w/v) gliadin. Aspergillus niger-derived prolyl endoprotease (AN- PEP ) production was also qualitatively examined on gliadin agar plates by determining yeast colony growth.  Zones of clarification of gliadin around yeast colonies were regarded as the evidence of glutenase activity of AN- PEP . The qualitative effects of aspergillopepsin expressed in bakery yeast were studied on yeast gliadin and the rheological properties of wheat flour dough. The rheological properties of the dough were investigated by a rheometer.
Findings:  In this survey, gluten was efficiently degraded into short fragments by the AN-PEP enzyme. The results of rheometer test showed that the use of AN-PEP could affect the rheological properties. The quality of dough and the ability of AN-PEP to degrade gluten in dough into smaller fragments were confirmed.
Conclusion:  The current study gives evidence that in the future, the development of novel gluten-free products with high quality and taste is possible by degrading gluten protein into non-toxic peptides using a variety of AN-PEP enzymes.
 

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Different attitudes in to the subject of translation have led to appearance of several topics in its extent, each of which has expanded the science of translation in different points of view and provided the grounds for its conversion into a separate field, entitled "translation studies". Among the many topics in this field, this article reviews the history of translation of the Holy Quran in terms of distinguishing between viewpoint and theory. In this regard, the issue of research is: what kind of view on the matter of translation is shown in the historical course of translation of the Qur'an? Studies on the evolution of the history of translations from the beginning of Islamic history to contemporary era, especially in Persian translations of the Holy Quran, shows that according to the definition of "translation theory", what happened in the history of translation of the Qur'an is more view pointing rather than a theoretical perspective. Of course, the existence of some successful theorizing in the historical course of the translation of Quran cannot and should not be ignored.