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This study we tries to introduce Nikolai Gumiliov-Acmeism Father of Russia– and also to study how he became familiar with the East and be influenced of east works. Gumiliov created unique works by pattern of Easter elements in his poems. In this study, we try to analyze some of them to make clear their inspiration sources. The most important and interesting of his poems are “Drank Dervish”, “Imitation of Persian”, “Persian Miniature”, “Pilgrim” and verse play “The Child of God”, the influence of the East is clearly seen in all of them. Gumiliov in his friendly correspondence signed pen name of Hafiz. He always looked for ways to enrich his land culture and spiritual elements closer to East. It is because that East with poetical forms and icons has been reflected in his works and influenced his ideology, so that one can easily distinguish him from other Russian silver era writers. In this article, also we show how elements of Easter religion, Mysticism, and Islamic mysticism are reflected in his works.  

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Present study was done in forests of northern Iran during 2016 to investigate Entomobryomorpha (Collembola) fauna. Seven genera and nine species belonging to families Tomoceridae and Entomobryidae were found. The genus Pogonognathellus Paclt, 1944 and species P. flavescens (Tullberg, 1871) belonging to Tomoceridae family are recorded for the first time from Iran, also three new records from Entomobryidae of genus Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 are reported for Mazandaran province fauna.

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Specimens of springtails were collected from soil and leaf litter in the forests of Mazandaran province, north of Iran during 2016–2017. Three species were recorded in this country for the first time, Xenylla szeptyckii Skarżyński, Piwnik & Porco, 2018 (Hypogastruridae), Friesea espunaensis Arbea & Jordana, 1993 (Neanuridae) and Tomocerina minuta (Tullberg, 1877) (Tomoceridae). Detailed descriptions of these species are provided based on the materials collected from Mazandaran province, Iran.

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In this study the biodiversity and relative abundance of Collembola was evaluated in two different ecosystems, citrus field and forest in Mazandaran province, Iran. Samples were carried out during 2016 and 2017. In each site, soil was sampled by a collecting core from 5×5 cm in surface area and a depth of 10 cm. Species richness, biodiversity and the indices of similarity were calculated. The results of T-Test showed that in two years (2016 and 2017), the values of Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson species diversity index were significantly different between sampling areas (Pvalue<0.05), but the values of Margalef richness and Pielou evenness index were not significantly (Pvalue˃0.05). In the year 2016, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou evenness and Margalef species richness in Dasht-e Naz forest were 1.92 ± 0.1, 0.83 ± 0.03, 2.01 ± 0.2 and 0.94 ± 0.04 respectively, and in citrus field were 1.44 ± 0.11, 0.73 ± 0.02, 1.46 ± 0.37 and 0.9 ± 0.03 respectively. Also, in the year 2017, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou evenness and Margalef species richness in Dasht-e Naz forest were 1.79 ± 0.05, 0.81 ± 0.08, 1.38 ± 0.25 and 0.94 ± 0.09 respectively, and in citrus field were 0.98 ± 0.22, 0.58 ± 0.08, 1.02 ± 0.35 and 0.95 ± 0.05 respectively. In general, the results showed that the abundance and biodiversity of Collembola in Dasht-e Naz forest was higher than in citrus field.

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The focus of this study was to extend investigations on Collembola fauna in parts of Hyrcanian forests - Hezarjirib forests, located near Neka in Mazandaran province. For this, irregular samplings from leaf litter and soil in different localities were done during 2020–2021. The springtail specimens were extracted by Berlese funnel and after permanent slide mounting identified by relevant taxonomic keys. It resulted in the identification of 25 species belonging to eight families and 19 genera. Three species including Hypogastrura papillata Gisin, 1949 (Hypogastruridae), Lepidocyrtus bicoloris Mateos, 2012 (Entomobryidae) and Folsomia trisetata Jordana & Ardanaz, 1981 (Isotomidae) were recorded for the first time from Iran. Brief information for each species including the material studied, distribution and some illustrations of the new records are given.

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Ivan Buninchr('39')s "Cursed Days", which covers the events following Russian October Revolution at 1918 and 1919, features different discourses such as literary, political, historical, social, criminal, critical, and citation, and has been written as a diary compilation. Linguistic elements of "Cursed Days" reflect the biography of the author, the narrator of the book, as a chronicler, critic, and descriptor of the events and interpersonal relationships that he had with various strata of the Russian people throughout the Civil War. Bunin believes that the October Revolution had led to the destruction of culture and the use of abnormal words and phrases in the Russian language. Bunin describes the period using terms "devilish, damn, and cursed," and addresses the Bolsheviks leader as "animal". The present study, in addition to reviewing the procedure and date of "Cursed Days" publication and its genre, discusses the comments from Bunin, critics and experts regarding the book, the events following the October Revolution and its negative aftermath on the Russian language and literature. Bunin believes that the October Revolution caused the deterioration of people’s morals, language and literature, and resulted in the socio-cultural abnormalities. Bunin considers the Bolsheviks sabotages as irreparable damages to the Russian language that had delivered writers such as Alexander Pushkin and Leo Tolstoy to the society.
 

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Symbolism is one of the prominent schools of Russian literature in the early twentieth century, in which some of its representatives composed outstanding works inspired by mysticism and teachings of the poets of the ancient land of Iran, including Hafez. Vichislav Ivanov and Mikhail Kuzmin, two representatives of this school, were active members of an association founded in 1905 by Ivanov in his apartment in Hafez's honor, named Hafez's Disciples. This clique, known as Bashnya (Dome), was considered the most important literary and philosophical center of its time. The members of the association were lovers of Hafez and Hafez's teachings in this place and became the source of inspiration for mystical poems. The purpose of the present study is to examine the linguistic and lexical units that Ivanov and Kuzmin have used in connection with the thoughts of Hafez and his mysticism in their poems. An attempt was made to answer these questions: How did the Russian symbolist poets understand Hafez's poems? Which linguistic elements of Hafez did they use to express their thoughts and what common linguistic units and vocabulary did they use? Examining the poems of Ivanov and Kuzmin in connection with the subject under discussion, we conclude that despite cultural and linguistic differences, they have combined Eastern and Western symbols in their poems and, like Hafez, they have used a combination of earthly and metaphysical vocabulary, symbols, contradictions, metaphors, polysemous words, and paradoxical concepts to express ontological thoughts. The vocabulary used in their poems, such as Hafez's poems, include the concepts of love, dialogue, call for unity between nations and religions, "other-praising", as well as an understanding of the beauty of the universe

Symbolism is one of the prominent schools of Russian literature of the early twentieth century, some of whose representatives were inspired by the mysticism and teachings of the poets of ancient Iran (Persia), including the custodian of works. The tendency of Russian writers and poets towards the culture of the Orient is evident in all eras. The feeling of spiritual emptiness, philosophical and mystical thoughts of Oriental poets, escaping from the political currents of their country, and traveling to the Orient can be considered as the main reasons. In the twentieth century, Vichislav Ivanov and Mikhail Kuzmin, two representatives of the school of symbolism, were active members of an association founded in 1905 by Ivanov in his apartment in Hafez's honor, named after Hafez's followers. This circle, known as Bashnia (Dome), was considered the most important literary and philosophical center of its time. The members of the association were lovers of Hafez and Hafez's teachings in this place and became the source of inspiration for mystical poems. The tendency of both poets to the Orient, and especially Hafez's lyric poems, is clearly seen in their poems.   Both poets were deeply acquainted with Eastern culture, especially ancient Iran, and the reason for choosing these two poems from the Symbolists is due to their lyric poetry and the influence of both poets in this style from Shiraz, the city of Iranian poetry and literature, Hafez and Sheikh Saadi. In addition, the language of both poets is like the language of Hafez, metaphorical, and contradiction is one of the features of their poems. The main feature of the school of symbolism is the use of symbols, ie the cultural units of language, which contain an idea and model of human behavior. Here we discuss the salient features of the texts of this literary and artistic  movement in the poems of Ivanov and Cosmin about Hafez, and the purpose of the present study is to examine the linguistic and lexical units that Ivanov and Cosmin relate to the thoughts of Hafez and his mysticism. They used their own poems. An attempt was made to answer these questions: How did the poets of the Russian school of symbolism understand Hafez's poems?  Which linguistic elements of Hafez did they use to express their thoughts and what common linguistic units and words did they use? Examining the poems of Ivanov ("Hafez's Tent", "Guides at Hafez's Feast", "Meeting the Guests", "Giving to Glyvar", "Al-Rumi, Al-Rumi") and Kozmin ("Persian Night", "To Hafez's Friends", "Looking at the dark cypress, shed tears, O former lover!", "Writing like a delicate flower ring on a gully," the two Russian Silver Age poets, we conclude that Kozmin's poems about Hafez reflect the use of traditional symbolism, the transfer of values from Iranian culture to Russian, and the actualization of cultural relativism. It is Hafez's ontology, and Ivanov, in his poems, enters into a dialogue with the Iranian poet Hafez, expands the poet's ideology, and uses his favorite linguistic methods.  In his poems, Ivanov blends Eastern and Western symbols, and like Hafez, with the help of mystical words, he places in his poems the call for unity between religions and nations as the headline of love and ontology. On the other hand, Hafez's metaphorical language is of interest to both of them, and despite cultural and linguistic differences, they have combined Eastern and Western symbols in their poems. They have used ambiguities and paradoxical concepts. The words used in their poems, such as Hafez's poems, include the concepts of love, dialogue, the call for unity between nations and religions, "other praise", as well as an understanding of the beauty of the cosmos

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This paper aims at obtaining the dynamic models of twoconstraint-over parallel mechanisms (PM) with 3-DOF (degree of freedom) and 4-DOF, the Tripteron and the Quadrupteron. The reasoning used in this paper is based on a judicious concept in detaching the whole mechanism into several subsystems and consecutive synergies between kinematic analysis, Lagrangian and Newtonian approaches. In this regard, the mechanisms are made equivalent to some subsystems and the equations of kinematic constraints are derived for all subsystems. Afterwards upon resorting to Lagrangian approach and blending it with the latter kinematic relations, the dynamic model of each leg in task space is obtained. The dynamic model of the end- effector is written in virtue of Newton-Euler’s approach where yields to three differential equations. Finally, the problem leads to a system of 12 equations for the Tripteron and 16 equations for the Quadrupteron, which do not need usaul simplifications in such problems. For the sake of comparison, the results are put into contrast by the one obtained with a dynamic analyzer software. The results obtained by both approaches are coherent which affirms the correctness of the proposed algorithm.