Showing 16 results for Artemisia
Masumeh Moghaddam, Abbas Mohammadi-Khoramabadi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2015)
Abstract
In Iran, a total of 12 species of Coccomorpha from five scale insect families have been recorded on Artemisia spp. (Asteraceae): Acanthococcidae (1), Coccidae (3), Diaspididae (4), Ortheziidae (1) and Pseudococcidae (3). In this study Peliococcus chersonensis (Kiritshenko), Pelionella grassiana (Goux) (Pseudococcidae) are redescribed and illustrated based on adult females to show their morphology in Iran, and also Rhizococcus borchsenii (Danzig) (Acanthococcidae) are newly recorded for the first time from Iran. Species that have been previously collected or recorded on Artemisia in Iran are listed and information is given about host plants and global distribution for each species.
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
The essential oils of aerial parts of three medicinal plants Artemisia khorassanica Podl., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Mentha longifolia L. were isolated by hydrodistillation and investigated for their toxicity and repellency against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. at 27 ± 1 ºC and 60 ± 5% RH in darkness. The mortality of the adults increased with concentration from 185 to 1111 μl/l air and with exposure time from 9 to 24 h. A concentration of 185 μl/l air and exposure time of 24 h was sufficient to obtain nearly 100% kill of the adults in all of the three essential oils tested. At the highest concentration (1111 μl/l air) R. officinalis oil caused 15% mortality for an exposure time of 6-h. whilst, the oil of A. khorassanica resulted in 1% mortality at the same exposure time. The oil of A. khorassanica at 1111 μl/l air caused 81% mortality for 12-h exposure time. No significant differences were observed between the lethal time (LT50) values at essential oil concentrations of 741 and 1111 μl/l air. For 24-h exposure time, the LC50 values of A. khorassanica, R. officinalis and M. longifolia essential oils were estimated to be 22.45, 22.14 and 39.96 μl/l air respectively. Based on LC50 values, adults of T. confusum showed similar susceptibility to the A. khorassanica and R. officinalis oils, but M. longifolia oil proved to be less toxic. In contrast to their low fumigant properties, the essential oil of M. longifolia had significantly higher repellency to T. confusum adults than did the other two.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
Aims: The use of plants for treatment and food returns to ancient times. This study was conducted to examine the essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of
Artemisia sieberi Besser at 3 phenological stages and effect of grazing livestock on these properties.
Materials & Methods: For this purpose, 5 shrubs from two sites (under grazing site and enclosure site) were selected randomly at 3 phenological stages. In laboratory operations, essential oil of the species was extracted in by SDE method.
Findings: The results of GC/MS analysis indicated 45 compounds for grazed site with essential oil content 98.73%, and 42 compounds for enclosure site with essential oil content 98.54%. Also, α-tujune (21.63%), α-Pinene (19.53%), and Camphene (10.34%) were the main compounds in the enclosure site and α-tujune (23.70%), α-Pinene (20.33%), and Camphene (12.60%) were the main compounds in the grazed site. The results of screening antioxidant activity using two assays (DPPH and β-carotene-linoleic acid) showed that the free radical scavenging activity of essential oil (IC
50 µg ml
-1) in the first phenological stage (vegetative stage) was more than other phenological stages in two sites. Also, the inhibition of essential oil in the grazed sites had a significant difference with essential oil's inhibition in the enclosure site.
Conclusions: Effect of grazing on the composition and properties of the essential oil of this species can be considered in the planning of livestock grazing management. We wish our future research on this plant leads to the finding of new natural antioxidant compounds.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Backgrounds: This study aimed to assess antibacterial properties of Artemisia scoparia, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and their synergistic effect on clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 30 isolates of K. pneumonia were collected from patients’ sputum in the microbiology lab of Masih Daneshvari hospital during 3 months. Then biochemical tests were performed for strain confirming. Moreover, genomic DNA was extracted from all the isolates, and hly gene was detected in the isolates via PCR method. The susceptibility of the isolates to 10 antibiotics was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. Then minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all components (Artemisia extract, TiO2, and their combination) was assessed using the microdilution method against the isolates.
Findings: The results indicated that simultaneous use of hydro-alcoholic extract of A. scoparia and titanium dioxide nanoparticles exhibited a significant synergistic antibacterial effect on 25 clinical isolates in comparison with the use of extract or nanoparticles alone.
Conclusion: It seems that simultaneous use of Artemisia herbal extracts and nanoparticles is beneficial in increasing their antibacterial effect and may decrease antibiotics consumption.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7-2019)
Abstract
Aims: One of the herbal indices that effects on the livestock grazing behavior is the herbal compounds including the essential oils, so the aim of the present study is the comparison of three Artemisia species in terms of the composition of essential oils coincident and the relationship between livestock grazing time from these three plant species.
Materials and Methods: Three Artemisia species (
Artemisia sieberi Bess.,
Artemisia kermanensis Podl
., and
Artemisia khorassanica podl.) in the natural from habitats with similar conditions were studied. Five plant stands were selected randomly from each species and the essential oils were obtained by SDE of air-dried samples and the essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS.
Findings: About 88% of essential oil compounds in these three Artemisia species were common and
Artemisia kermanensis Podl. had more essential oil percentage (98.47%) and
Artemisia sieberi had the lowest essential oil percentage (73.21%) while the rate of grazing on the
Artemisia sieberi Bess. was higher compared to two other species in the same vegetative stage. Also, 6% of the compounds were observed only in the
Artemisia kermanensis species, which is probably the presence of these compounds are the reason for the lack of feeding by the livestock of this species.
Conclusion: The selection of livestock for grazing of these three species to be highly relevant to their essential oil compounds, although the amount of these compounds has decreased in the third phenological stage, preventing livestock feeding on these species in the first and second stage of vegetation. Livestock grazing planning based on essential oil combinations can be a new horizontal in rangeland management. It seems the biochemical defense in the plants with essential oil is a way to combat animal grazing.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Abstract
Aims: Ferula L. is one of the largest genera from Apiaceae family with about 180 species, which grow in semi-arid rangelands. One of the challenges associated with this genus in their natural habitats is drought and additionally in case of Ferula haussknechtii H. Wolff ex Rech.f. species is allelopathy caused by companion with Artemisia persica Boiss.
Materials & Methods: The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the growth, physiological characteristics, nutrient uptake, and survival of Ferula haussknechtii H. Wolff ex Rech. F. grown under the interactive influences of drought and allelopathy stress conditions. Four levels of allelopathy stress, three levels of drought stress, and two mycorrhizal treatments (AM and Non-AM) were applied to the pots in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement.
Findings: Based on ANOVA results (p≤5%), the survival capacities of the Non-AM inoculated plants were significantly less than those of the AM inoculated plants for all allelopathic and drought stress levels. The maximum values of survival capacity were seen in AM×FC×A1 treatment as 75% and the lowest survival capacity was observed in Non-AM×30%FC×A4 as 29%. In general, AM fungi inoculation significantly increase the root:shoot ratios and mycorrhizal dependency values (p≤5%). Based on ANOVA results, the highest and lowest values for root:shoot ratios were observed as 0.71 and 0.27 for Non-AM×30%FC×A4 and AM×FC×A1 treatments, respectively. Drought stress and allelopathic conditions have a destructive effect on total chlorophyll content. The maximum and minimum proline content (0.21 and 0.04) was observed in treatment of AM incubated with highest level of drought and allelopathic and in Non-AM incubated with lowest level of drought and allelopathic, respectively.
Conclusions: AM fungi inoculation had a significant positive effect on total nitrogen and phosphorus content in plant tissues but a significant negative effect on total nitrogen and phosphorus content was observed in drought and allelopathic stress treatments.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background: This research aimed to assess the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) produced using Artemisia biennis Willd through an eco-friendly approach, targeting four pathogenic bacteria.
Materials & Methods: A. biennis Willd extract with unit numbers “15.62-125” was prepared through maceration, drying, and powdering. Particle size distribution (PSD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) tests were used to characterize the synthesized CuNPs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), and sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) were determined to investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of CuNPs against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883.
Findings: CuNPs synthesized using A. biennis Willd extract exhibited a brown color change with particle sizes mainly 30-40 nm by PSD. DLS indicated uniform distribution and hydrodynamic synthesis of particles with a zeta potential of -37.8. XRD and FTIR confirmed copper nanoparticle biosynthesis. The MICs of CuNPs were 15.62-62.5 μg/mL, with S. aureus and K. pneumonia revealing the highest and lowest antimicrobial drug resistance, respectively. This trend was repeated for MBCs and sub-MICs, ranging from 15.62-125 and 7.8-31.25 μg/mL, respectively. Bacterial strains were unable to form biofilms at sub-MICs. The anti-biofilm effects of CuNPs were more significant on Gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusion: CuNPs synthesized using A. biennis Willd extract by a green method show promising anti-biofilm and antibacterial characteristics against bacteria, suggesting their potential for treating bacterial infections.
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
Aims: This study investigates the response of some soil bio-physicochemical properties under different grazing intensities management in a 17-year-old arid rangeland ecosystem of Iran.
Material & Methods: The grazing intensity gradient was as follows: (1) without herbivore grazing over a whole year (NG), (2) grazing by sheep and goats done communally from November to May (RG), and (3) continuous and heavy grazing over a whole year (HG). The soil samples were collected from the upper 20 cm in November and May.
Findings: The significantly higher bulk density values (P<0.05) were measured with increasing grazing intensities, i.e., 1.65, 1.82, and 1.96 g.cm-3 in NG, RG, and HG, respectively. The management system affected significantly (P<0.05) organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), as well as enzyme activity of acid- and alkaline phosphatase (ACP, ALP) and urease. Similarly, the time of sampling affected significantly (P<0.05) OC, P, C, ACP, ALP, and urease activity in the soil. The soil OC ranged from 0.46 to 2.78 %, K ranged from 51.81 to 92.06 ppm, TN and P showed significantly (P<0.05) higher HG and RG values than NG. The soil pH ranged from 7.89 to 8.32, and EC (electric conductivity) ranged from 0.47 to 0.93 dS.m-1, which was significantly affected neither by the grazing management system nor by sampling time. The TN showed a high positive correlation with ALP (r = 0.89), urease (r = 0.72), and dehydrogenase (r = 0.76). The OC, P, ACP, and ALP responded more sensitively to grazing management systems.
Conclusion: The presence of animals in our study site positively affected soil fertility. However, similar studies are required to complete our knowledge under different climatic conditions, vegetation-grazer types, and grazing duration.
Volume 12, Issue 46 (5-2015)
Abstract
In this study, the antibacterial aqueous extract of mountain sagebrush, Artemisia sieberi, Artemisia aucheri and Hyssopus officinalis against the bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were investigated. The extracts were prepared by maceration and then the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth micro-dilution and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was measured. The minimum inhibitory concentration of aqueous Artemisia aucheri and Artemisia sieberi against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was 160, 80 and 80 mgml-1 respectively. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration of aqueous extract of hyssop against Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was 80, 40 and 40 mgml-1 respectively. Based on these results, the aqueous extracts of the three plants have the strong antibacterial effect against gram-positive bacteria. The most sensitive organism regarding extracts experiment was Listeria monocytogenes wheras the most resistant bacteria was Escherichia coli. Among the extracts, the hyssop had the highest antibacterial activity While the antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri and Artemisia sieberi were identical.
Volume 13, Issue 1 (1-2011)
Abstract
The present study explores the chemical constitution and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Artemisia dracunculus L. and the flower heads of Matricaria chamomilla L. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of (Z)-anethole (51.72%), (Z)-β-ocimene (8.32%), methyleugenol (8.06%), limonene (4.94%) and linalool (4.41%) in Artemisia dracunculus and (E)-β-farnesene (24.19%), guaiazulene (10.57%), α-bisabolol oxide A (10.21%), α-farnesene (8.7%) and α-bisabolol (7.27%) in M. chamomilla L.. The antioxidant activity (AOA) of the essential oils was investigated using DPPH• (2, 2′-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. The essential oil EC50 values were determined as 3.19±0.13 and 5.63±0.20 mg ml-1 for A. dracunculus and M. chamomilla, respectively. Further, the A. dracunculus L. essential oil (ADEO) and M. chamomilla L. essential oil (MCEO) were able to reduce the oxidation rate of soybean oil under accelerated conditions at 60 °C (oven test).
Volume 16, Issue 91 (9-2019)
Abstract
In the current study, the effect of seasonal variation on the type and percentage of phytochemical compounds of Artemisia fragrans Willd. essential oil was investigated. Herbal samples were collected in 4 different seasons and then their essential oils were extracted by the Clevenger type apparatus. In the following, the essential oil compositions of each season was analyzed by GC-MS apparatus. In total, 50 different compounds were identified in four sentential oil. The major components of the essential oil were camphor, thujone, and 1,8-cineole in different seasons. Also, the results showed that monotreptans were the major class of essential oil compounds in September (91.87%), December (90.55%), May (96.32%) and July (95.4%). The highest amount of phenolics (5.49 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacity (28.98%) were observed in essential oil of Septebmer. Antibacterial effects of the different essential oils using paper disc diffusion method were carried out on Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilus. Based on the results of the study, gram negative bacteria (E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, and K. pneumonia) were more susceptible to artemisia essential oils in comparison with gram positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilus). The results of this research can be useful in determining the best sampling date of this plant for pharmaceutical and antibacterial uses.
Volume 17, Issue 98 (3-2020)
Abstract
Today, because of the side effects of chemical preservatives, it is suggested to use natural antimicrobial compounds such as essential oils. The antimicrobial activities of essential oils are well recognized for many years. In this study, after preparation of Artemisia absinthium essential oil, its components were identified by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus cereus by agar disk-diffusion, MIC and MBC methods. Based on MIC results, essential oil concentrations of 16, 32 and 64 (µl/ml) were selected to evaluate its efficacy in inactivating the growth of pathogenic bacteria on fresh lettuce. Lettuce was inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus cereus and the bacterial count were enumerated at time intervals (0 h, 3 h, 24 h, and 72 h). The concentration of (Z)-β-Ocimene oxide as the major component of the essential oil was 76.53±2.36%. The results of MIC, MBC values and agar disk-diffusion showed that the most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia, respectively. Compared to control (water), lettuce treated with 64 µl/ml essential oil at 72 h after treatment showed an up to 3.36, 2.27, 3.23 and 3.47 log CFU/g reductions in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus cereus, respectively. This research showed that Artemisia absinthium essential oil may be an effective antimicrobial agent to the Control of pathogenic bacteria growth on fresh lettuce.
Volume 18, Issue 112 (6-2021)
Abstract
Artemisia is an important medicinal plant which is widely used in the treatment of skin diseases and it has antimicrobial properties. This research was carried out with the aim of making nano-fibers with Artemisia sieberi Besser extract to study its antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Artemisia extract and electrospinning solution containing 0.2 g of polyethylene oxide, 0.05 g of chitosan and 1.5 ml of acetic acid were prepared and then nanofibers were produced by electrospinning of the solutions. Artemisia Extract loading with 100 mg/ml extract had a significant effect on the diameter of fibers and the average fber diameter with Artemisia extract (218.4 nm) compared to the fibers without extract (204.8 nm) were higher. The tensile stress at the tear point of the nanofibers with Artemisia extract (3.04 MPa) was lower than the fibers without the extract (3.46 MPa) and elongation at break was higher (7.6%).The nanofibers with the extract had more resistance temperature than non-extract fibers. This is due to the crystal state of Artemisia extract in the fibers. The nanofibers produced with Artemisia extract had inhibitory properties for both studied bacteria. Nanofibers with 100 mg/ml extract completely controlled the bacterial growth. Nanofibers with 20 and 50 mg/ml of extract had a better inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Staphylococcus aureus. The Addition of Artemisia extract improved the antimicrobial properties of chitosan nanofibers.
Volume 18, Issue 114 (8-2021)
Abstract
In this study, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and antifungal effects of 5 different treatments including Artemisia scoparia waldst & Kit extract at 5% concentration (Asw 0.05), edible gelatin and glycerol (GG), edible coating of gelatin and glycerol Along with 5% of extract (GG + Asw 0.05), starch and glycerol (SG), edible coating of starch and glycerol with 5% of extract (SG + Asw 0.05) in hamburger paste at 4 ° C Duration of 8 days was investigated. During this period, moisture, pH and color of treatments were measured. In the antioxidant test by TBARS, the levels of malondialdehyde were measured at the start of the experiment, fourth and eighth, and in all treatments the malondialdehyde increased with increasing time, and the antioxidant power of the treatments during this period was respectively Were(GG+Asw 0.05) ،(SG+Asw 0.05) و (SG). n addition, the anti-bacterial and antifungal effects of the treatments were similar, and the anti-bacterial strength of the treatments was higher than the total polymorphisms of mesophilic bacteria. The color and moisture content of all treatments decreased over time, but PH was increasing. After the 8th day, the moisture content of the treatments was the highest to the lowest (GG + Asw 0.05), (SG + Asw 0.05), (GG), (SG) and (Asw 0.05) and tests were done completely randomly at 5% level.
Volume 19, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background: Free-living amoebae, including acanthamoeba constitute a large group, which live in fresh water, salty and bitter, moist soil, carious plants and some on the stool and has been considered as a medical important agent. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of aqueous and alcoholic extract of Artemisia annua on trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba in vitro.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, after genotyping the clinical isolate, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Artemisia annua were prepared. Then different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml) of aqueous and alcoholic extract of plant as well as artemisinin were tested in three different times (24, 48 and 72h) on trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba in vitro. The viability of the parasite was evaluated by trypan blue, MTT and flowcytometry methods.
Results: Our result, indicated the anti-acanthamoeba activity of different concentrations of the extract of Artemisia. That, in the presence of 10 mg/ml alcoholic extract in medium culture after 72 hours, 30.51% and 91.40% trophozoite and cyst of Acanthamoeba were found alive. However, in the presence of 10 mg/ml aqueous extract of Artemisia annua, 58.25% and 81.53% trophozoite and cyst respectively were found alive in the in medium culture, after 72 hours.
Conclusion: Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Artemisia annua showed anti-acanthamoebic activity which is dose and time dependent.
Volume 21, Issue 146 (3-2024)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of Artemisia sieberi extract from different habitats on the shelf life of Iranian white cheese, this research was conducted in 2022 in the research laboratory of Qom University, Iran. A factorial experiment was conducted based the completely randomized design, and cheese in terms of chemical and microbial characteristics in the conditions of no extract (control) and the use of extract containing 1% of the weight of the fresh material ofA. sieberi from three habitats of Venan, Tajkhatun and Abbas. Abad was checked on the 1st, 15th and 30th. The results showed that the population of cheese microorganisms increased with the increase of the storage period, and the extract of Venan better controlled the population of microorganisms than other extracts. The amount of pH and protein in the dry matter decreased with the increase of the storage period, and the amount of moisture, salt, fat, dry matter, phenol and antioxidant activity increased. Venan extract increased the quality and shelf life of cheese more than other extracts, which may be due to the higher amount of total phenol in Venan extract compared to other extracts. In general, the extract of Artemisia sieberi significantly increased the shelf life and quality of cheese, and with further studies, the extract of this valuable plant can be used to increase the shelf life and quality of food products, especially dairy products.
