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Limothrips angulicornis Jablonowski, 1894 is newly recorded for the fauna of China. The genus Limothrips Haliday, 1836 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) now includes three species in China. In addition, two previously recorded Limothrips species were also distributed in Palaearctic region of China, and there is no record in south and east of China, Oriental region. A key is provided to identifying of Chinese species of the genus Limothrips.

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This article examines the growing relationships between China and North African countries, focusing on the economic, diplomatic, and security aspects of these interactions. The primary research question is how China has managed to expand its presence in North Africa and what impact this expansion will have on these countries' relationships with their traditional Western partners. The research hypothesis is that while the development of China's relations with North Africa creates new economic opportunities for these countries, it may also lead to challenges in their relations with Western countries. The findings indicate that although China's relationships with North Africa provide numerous economic and infrastructural opportunities, they could lead to tensions with these countries' traditional Western partners. Additionally, regional security issues such as the Western Sahara conflict and the Libyan war may require more active Chinese participation. Therefore, the research aims to describe, analyze, and interpret the collected essential information considering the sensitivity and fluidity of the topic, assessing the impact of the variables on each other. The study is applied in nature and adopts a descriptive and analytical approach with a documentary-library collection model and a case study method for the mentioned countries. It aims to provide a thorough examination of the grand strategies to better understand the dynamics of China-North Africa relations and their implications for the global order.

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After the Cold War, the People's Republic of China emerged as a major economic power in the world. Today, this country has been able to spread its influence, especially economically, to all parts of the world. One of the strategic points where this country is in strategic competition with Europe and America is the African continent. This study attempts to present the causes and contexts of China's influence in Africa. Therefore, considering the fact that many studies have been conducted on China's actions and influence in Africa so far; in order to establish a theoretical consensus among the researches, this study tries to explain the strategic and important reasons for China's influence in Africa in a theoretical framework. Therefore, the philosophy of interpretive research has been chosen to achieve the appropriate model in this field with a qualitative approach and content analysis techniques. It should be noted that among the 298 articles containing China's geopolitical goals and interests, 8 articles were extracted according to the KASP rubric scoring system. The final result indicates that one of the most important geopolitical interests in Africa are economic goals pursued according to the soft principles and ideological cultural structure of China.
 

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Transportation routes for Asian countries due to the geographical size of the ancient continent is of particular importance in explaining the regional system. This has led to major changes in China's regional policy as the most powerful Asian country and the most productive people in the world. Meanwhile, the role of the South Caucasus as a bridge between China and the West and European export markets is very important. Therefore, using the capacity of the Caucasus as a link between its strategic interests, especially in the field of energy and trade, Beijing provides the ground for increasing interactions with the republics of the South Caucasus under the banner of the New Silk Road (One Belt One Road) project. On the other hand, in the history of relations between Asian and European states, the Caucasus has become known as the key to continental relations. This role doubles the responsibility of Caucasian states in their more favorable interaction with China.
Therefore, efforts will be made in the current research, by putting emphasis on the analytical and theoretical perspective of the regional system, to examine China's regional policies towards the South Caucasus republics and the impact of the New Silk Road project on increasing Beijing's influence in the South Caucasus, as well as the history of economic relations between Beijing and the Caucasian states based available documents. Meanwhile, the research hypothesis is based on the fact that due to the establishment of China's foreign policy based on economic interactions with regional governments, increasing China's relations with the South Caucasus republics to build a new Silk Road economic project, stabilizes China's position in the region and will strengthen relations in other economic areas.

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Six belonolaim species were collected from grasslands of Sabalan region. The found species belong to genera Amplimerlinius, Merlinius, Nagelus, Neodolichorhynchus, Paramerlinius and Tylenchorhynchus. Among the found species, Neodolichorhynchus judithae is reported for the first time from Iran and is characterized byhaving offset head, cuticule with 16 longitudinal ridges, delicate stylet 21-23 µm long, presence of post intestinal sac and tail with annulated terminus.

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Through a survey that was conducted in Basrah Province, Southern Iraq in 2021, specimens were collected from alfalfa fields (Medicago sativa L.) using a sweep net. These specimens were identified as Neotrichoporoides Girault, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae), which is a new report of the genus in Iraq. Three species were collected and identified, i.e. Neotrichoporoides basiflavus Li & Li, 2021; N. cavigena Graham, 1987; and N. viridimaculatus (Fullaway, 1955). An illustrated key for identifying Neotrichoporoides species in Iraq and notes on diagnostic characters of the newly recorded species along with illustrations are provided. The distribution map of the Iraqi species is presented. Furthermore, a preliminary checklist of recorded species of Eulophidae from Iraq is provided.

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The aim of this research is to study effective parameters of incompressible, viscous and unsteady flow in Turbomachinary cascades using the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) RANS-Based Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation method. Detached Eddy Simulation is a hybrid RANS-LES method that was purposed in order to reduce LES computational cost. In this method, near wall, in boundary layer, RANS turbulence model is used and away from the wall, method automatically switches to LES. To develop original DES method (DES97), DDES was purposed to solve modeled stress depletion problem. A new function is introduced to the DDES model to make the transition from RANS to LES grid cell size independent. The numerical method that is used for discretization is staggered finite-volume and the grid is Cartesian. Also hybrid differencing scheme (the scheme compound of central differencing scheme and upwind scheme) to discretization of convection terms in Navier-Stokes is used. The results of this study compared with the results of simulation with SA turbulence model.

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China is one of the largest grain producing and consuming nations in the world and the importance of grain security to the Chinese can never be overemphasized. In this paper, we present a comprehensive early-warning model for evaluating the status of grain security in China. The model is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and the Dempster–Shafer theory (DST). We divided the risk assessment into four stages. First, we seek risk sources and identify the indices to be used in the model. Then, we preprocess the index data to obtain the index directions and risk bounds. After that, we assign index weights via AHP method. Finally, we evaluate risk of grain security via DST method and determine the overall risk degree. An empirical analysis is conducted to demonstrate the use of the model for evaluating the status of grain security in China. The result shows that the model which conforms to the reality of China is effective and can be used as a grain security pre-warning monitoring tool.

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In this research, the machinability of iron-recycled grey cast iron powder metallurgy parts is investigated. For this purpose, grey cast iron swarfs were transformed to powders by target jet milling method and were then used to prepare powder metallurgy parts in combination with commercial iron powder. Green compacts were prepared with the variables of cast iron powder percentage and compaction pressure. Design of experiments was conducted by response surface method for sintered parts with the variables of cast iron powder percentage, compaction pressure, sintering temperature and sintering time each in five levels. Regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to investigate the effect of input parameters, develop the mathematical models and evaluate the validity of the models. In the green section, machinability was qualitatively investigated in drilling. For sintered parts, machinability was evaluated by measuring the thrust and torque forces and the obtained surface finish in drilling. The obtained results certificated the accuracy of the extracted regression equations for predicting the machining properties of the parts. Also, the results demonstrated that the addition of jet milled grey cast iron improves the machinability of iron-based powder metallurgy parts.

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 The accumulation and composition of berry anthocyanin was measured in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Yatomi Rosa using various light qualities provided by polyethylene films (red, orange, green, blue, and white). The anthocyanin has been enhanced significantly by blue light filter film and suppressed by red, orange, and green films compared to white film (control), which suggests that Yatomi Rosa has adapted photoreceptors to UV-A/blue light. We also observed that Yatomi Rosa mainly accumulated glucosides of peonidin (Pn). Significant differences in composition of anthocyanin were observed in different light filter films. Despite the use of different light quality films, similar patterns were observed for phenylalanineammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and chalcone isomerase (CHI) activities, which are components of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. But the activities of PAL and CHI were induced significantly under blue light filter film, which shows that blue light may increase anthocyanin accumulation in V. vinifera L. by stimulating PAL and CHI activities. The present study confirmed the importance of blue irradiance spectrum in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Yatomi Rosa. The increase of blue light under enough effective transmission light conditions in greenhouses can improve the color of Yatomi Rosa and may be used as a solution to overcome poor berry colors in hot and humid regions of Southern China.

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The intermetallic compound of gamma titanium aluminide is a kind of recently developed material which has outstanding potential for utilization in high temperature structural applications due to higher ratios of strength to density and also elasticity modulus to density. In this study with considering two dielectric fluids of kerosene and de-ionized water, the effects of the most important input parameters of electrical discharge machining including pulse current and pulse on time on the output characteristics of material removal rate, tool wear ratio, some surface integrity criteria such as surface roughness and cracks, are investigated. The results indicate that, rough machining of titanium aluminide in contrary to finishing of this material, is performed efficiently. As the result of more thermal conductivity coefficient of water comparing with kerosene, the energy dissipation or loss and also plasma channel radius expansion in water is noticeably more than kerosene. This issue leads to more concentration and higher rates of thermal energy on the machined surface in the case of kerosene. Consequently, the density of surface cracks, surface roughness and intensity of surface topography alterations for the machined surface in kerosene is more than the samples which are machined in de-ionized water, but in contrary, the material removal rate with kerosene is much more than MRR in de-ionized water and also the tool wear ratio during machining process by means of kerosene is significantly less than the de-ionized water.

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The development of reliable numerical tools for predicting the integrity of machined surfaces is significant. This paper introduces a new customized FE model to predict the deformation during turning of electron beam fused (EBM) Ti6Al4V alloy under dry cutting. The needle microstructure and exotic nano-hardness types of materials are modeled and implemented using a user subroutine in the FE model. The developed FE model provides the possibility of predicting the microstructure (thickness of alpha lamella), the changes in nano-hardness caused by machining operations in dry conditions.

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The main goal of present work is to identify the appropriate austenitising category to achieve the austempered ductile irons with dual matrix structure having the best possible machinability. In this regard, specimens of low-alloyed ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron were prepared by casting process. In order to obtain a mixed ferrite-austenite structures having different volume fraction of austenite phase, samples were subjected to one of two processes: a) partial austenitising at 870 ^oC for various times (5 to 60 min) or b) intercritical austenitising at various temperatures (750, 765, 780 and 800 ^oC) for 60 minutes. After that they were austempered in molten salt at a temperature of 350 ^oC for one hour. During turning with a lathe equipped with a force dynamometer, the cutting forces of the workpieces were measured as a general adopted criterion for machinability investigation. According to the obtained results, with the increase of partial austenitising time or intercritical austenitising temperature, the volume fraction of the ausferrite phase increased, but the cutting force decreased initialy and then increased. For a certain percentage of the ausferrite phase, the turning of samples prepared with partial austenitising process was associated with lower cutting force, compared to the samples obtained by the intercritical austenitising process. In general, it can be concluded that the maximum machinability of dual matrix ductile iron austempered at 350 ^oC is achieved when the selected austenitising temperature and time results to creation dual matrix structure containing 39 ±  3 Vol% ausferrite phase

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By selecting Northwest Iran as the early capital of Ilkhanid dynasty, Mongol rulers had governed this area for about one century which would have been the official route of administration and communication between Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, and Iran. The existence of three unknown rock-cut archetypes in Maraghe (new capital) and its surroundings are among the most controversial subjects for historians and archaeologists. Although the period between 1256 and 1335 is seen as a period of cultural interventions from Mongolia and Inner Mongolia into the Northwest Iran, the architectural influences during Mongol's dominion has been less considered by the scholars. In this way, recent archaeological developments related to this region are beginning to shed new lights on recognition the architectonic appearance and the application of these unique underground architectures in Northwest Iran. Considering comparative studies besides analytical expository of architectural evidences from Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China, this project is aimed at standardizing the identity of unknown rock-cut structures in Northwest Iran. According to the results, the combination of a corridor leading to one or more chambers is not entirely random in Northwest Iran but also shares an exact assimilation of those in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China.