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Spilomena bobyjosei Girish Kumar & Amal sp. nov., a new species of aphid wasp in the genus Spilomena Shuckard, 1838, is described from the Southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India. This genus is rarely collected from the Indian subcontinent, and most species are described from a single specimen. The genus can be distinguished from closely related genera in having occipital carina absent, hind wing media not diverging before Cu-a, fore wing with marginal cell elongate (longer than stigma), one recurrent vein and two discoidal cells present, stigma large and pronotal collar with complete transverse carina. To date, ten species have been described from India. This paper adds an eleventh species. The differential diagnosis with its nearest species is provided. Additionally, a key to the Indian species of Spilomena is provided.

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Part of what we know as the heritage of Iran and India has originated from the Indo-Iranian culture, and this heritage belongs to the East and the common life of Indo –Iranians in the past. We can consider the similarities between Arash-e Kamangir in Iranian mythology and Vishnu in Indian mythology as an original example in this case. In this research, we try to show the characters of Arash-e Kamangir, in the ancient, middle and Islamic periods, according to the comparative method in the French School and the method of content analysis. The results of the research show that Arash and Vishnu are two myths that have a common origin, and consequently, they have vast and widespread common aspects; and in making of mythological character, the subject of the attack between Good and Evil has a special place in the two cultures. Being warrior god of rain in creating the myths like Arash and Vishnu; being bodily and their connection with natural elements and heavenly realms are the other results obtained in this study.    

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The importance of the sea and its role in world economics and politics are indisputable and it is necessary to pay attention to it. The political history of the world testifies that countries that have a maritime strategy have been powerful and developed. Due to its long beaches in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, the country has a privileged geographic location in the country, with its other neighbors. Unfortunately, the regions of eastern and southeast Iran due to geographic isolation have always been neglected in national politics. To this end, one of the best strategies for promoting development and security in the region is the connection of the eastern parts to the Chabahar port and the coast of Makran. This research tries to explore the role of the Makran coastlines and the strategic sea politics of Iran on the development of the eastern axis using a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources. Initial studies show that if the Islamic Republic of Iran adopts a maritime strategy, Iran will witness the processing of its geopolitical, geo-economical and geostrategic advantages for the country. With the realization of the maritime policy, the Makran region is considered as a transit axis for the development of the south-east. In the face of the ostracism of a sea-based strategy based on the southeastern oceanic capacity of Iran, other Indian Oceanarians will use this potential. Therefore, it is suggested that, with a realistic and operational view, more attention be paid to maritime policy

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Baroque movement started from Italy and covered the whole Europe. Baroque school came into being after the glorious Renaissance era, and The Indian style came into being in Persian literature likewise Iraqi. These two have a firm relationship with each other. For example, sonnet is the prevailing form in both schools. Also they have concepts like movement and permutation, emphasis on visible and concrete forms, reliance on physical beauty, how to describe nature, dominance of décor, defamiliarization, etc, in common. What are clearly observed in Baroque literature are: not imitating the formers, instability of the world, movement metaphors, death, presentation, carpe diem, artist's revolution, philosophical complexity, paradox, conditionality of human knowledge, freedom of speech,etc. These are also salient in the poetry of Bidel Dehlavi. This research studies the firm relationship between Baroque school and poetic style in Iran and India considering some poems of Bidel.

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In the process of reading and evaluation of a work, retrieval of another text and knowledge of how to reproduce it in this text cause to enrich the analysis. The link of comparative literature and intertextuality is a new achievement that facilitates work analysis in the frame of paradigm and methods. Investigation of similarities and their influence on each other is one of the most important factors of comparative analysis, but intertextual reading wants to go beyond the investigation of similar sources. Text is based on pervious discourse and will attract discourse in itself and even change the meaning of pervious text. This paper wants to introduce Mathnavi-e-Khamush Khatun (that is Indian) according to the connection of comparative and intertextual criticism principles, and proceed the most important items in the text that prepare the situation to referencing the stories of Thousand and One Nights, and after comparative study (similarities and influences), proceeds to how the stories of Thousand and One Nights are converted and absorbed in Mathnavi-e-Khamush Khatun.  It further proceeds to the elements of suspense, parody, permutation and alike that cause to signify other narrative and make new text. The connection between new elements and structure in this Mathnavi with the beginning of Thousand and One Nights structure (beginning of Shahrzad story) is another field to comparative and intertextual reading. 

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The eggs and larvae of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), are widely used in mass rearing of parasitoids and predators. Feeding indices and some biological parameters of P. interpunctella were studied on bran of different wheat cultivars ('Back-cross Roshan', 'Khooshe Pishgam', 'Khoshki line 9', 'Arg', 'Alvand', 'Pishtaz', 'WS-89-2', 'Sepahan' and 'Bam') when incorporated into artificial diets under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 ºC, 65 ± 5% R.H., and a 16:8 h light-dark photoperiod). The efficiency of conversion of ingested food was highest on 'Back-cross Roshan' (98.79 ± 8.48%) and lowest on 'Pishtaz' (64.56 ± 9.66%). The highest and lowest percentage of mortality of P. interpunctella larvae were on 'Pishtaz' (56%) and 'Back cross Roshan' (12%). Our results showed that larval growth index was highest on 'Khoshki line 9' (5.81) and lowest on 'Pishtaz' (3.33). Moreover, the highest daily and total fecundity were detected in moths that were reared on 'Back-cross Roshan' (37.6 ± 0.93 and 177.3 ± 1.61 eggs, respectively). The results demonstrated that, among different wheat cultivars tested, 'Back-cross Roshan' was the most suitable cultivar for P. interpunctella rearing in order to optimize the mass production of natural enemies.  

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The genus Spilomena Shuckard, 1838, is reviewed from the Indian subcontinent. One new species, Spilomena keralaensis Rajan, Sureshan & Girish Kumar sp. nov. is described from the Southern Western Ghats of Kerala and differences from similar species are given.

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The effect of ozonized ice on shelf-life of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) muscle was studied during 16 days storage period, based on chemical and microbial assessments. Chemical analysis (pH, total volatile nitrogen bases, peroxide, trimethylamine) and microbial analysis (total bacterial load and psychrophillic bacteria) was done every four days. The lowest pH, TVB-N and TMA values were observed in the ozonized ice treatment, while its PV value was higher. The ozonized ice effectively reduced the total viable count (TVC) and psychrophillic bacterial count (PTC) by 2.22 and 2.07 log₁₀ CFU cm^-2, respectively, at 12 days period. Thus, the ozonized ice protected fish quality better than the control treatment until the end of storage.

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The pteromalid genus Zolotarewskya Risbec (Pteromalidae: Cleonyminae) is reported from India after a gap of 45 years with the description of a new species and one new species of Cleonymus Latrielle are described from Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Affinities of the new species with closely related species are discussed and a key to the oriental species of Cleonymus is also provided. Male of Dipara hayati Sureshan is also described for the first time.

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During the Safavid era, communications between Iran and India became deeper than before due to the common official language. Persian romantic stories were among the written works during this period in the countries. The question is: "Are Persian romantic stories in the Safavid era in Iran and India fully similar due to the concurrency, common language and existence of similar structures, or have distinction due to different cultural environment?" Some Researches has been done on the storytelling of the Safavid period, But so far, there has been no works published on the influence of intellectual motifs on the Iranian and Indian Persian stories in any of the topics.
In this paper, it has been attempted to answer the question, by analyzing the content of the Stories. Of course, the assumption of this research is that there are many similarities in language, structure, sequences and character's functions in the Persian romantic stories in Iran and India, but despite these similarities, there is a different worldview and attitude towards the characters and events. These differences include: "Death of the lovers at the end of the story", "Girl's freedom in choosing a spouse", "supernatural creatures’ role", “presence of Mysticism and Sufism, "animals’ impact in the story ", "presence of Indian characters" and "independence of the source" that would help to understand the stories written in India from Iranian stories.

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Three species of the genus Helionothrips Bagnall, namely Helionothrips cephalicus Hood, H. mube Kudo and H. unitatus Chen were collected and identified for the first time from India. Geographical distribution and diagnostic characters for the newly recorded species and a key to identify all the species of Helionothrips recorded so far from India is also provided.

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This paper deals with the study of a leaf spot disease observed on Aloe vera leaves in various nurseries and botanical gardens during the routine surveys of two consecutive years of 2010 and 2011. The symptoms appeared in the form of circular to oval, brown to black, sunken spots on abaxial surface of leaves. The disease was observed only in January to February during the survey. Colonieson PDA were velvety, dark olivaceous to greenish black in colour. The identification of the pathogen was done phenotypically using disease symptoms and microscopic characteristics. Further investigation identified it as Cladosporium sphaerospermum Penzig which was also confirmed at Indian Type Culture Collection (ITCC), IARI, New Delhi, India. According to the literature, this is the first report of Cladosporium sphaerospermum as causal agent of leaf spot disease on A. vera from India.

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A.Ghanipor Malekshah.PH.D
S.Ardeshiri Lajimi, M.Esmaeili, I. Amn-Khani, Z. Salari
 
Abstract   
One of the complicated and ambiguous issues discussed in the books on the history of Iranian literature is the starting point and the manner in which the Indian style was established. A review of the works done by researchers working in this area reveals a considerable diversity of opinion and view. Some researchers believe this style was the inevitable outcome of the natural path that the Persian literature went through. On the other hand others have surveyed this issue regarding social factors and the environment leading to its constructor. Still there are researchers who assume that the root and origin of this style springs from the poetry of past times rather than social factors or even the environment shaping it. These researchers have mostly mentioned poets such as Khaqani, Hafez, and Vahshi Bafqi etc as the founders of this style. But the significant point is that the result of such researches has not been accepted generally. The truth is that a wide scope style -such as the Indian style- can not be regarded as taken from the poetry of one poet, instead it is preferred to speak of the quality and quantity of the influence of these poets on this style, whereas this can merely happen using a new method; which is content analysis.
This essay also intends to show how and in what manners poets like Khaqani, Hafez, Vahshi Bafqi and Baba Faqani- the four leading poets of the Indian style- affected the foundation of the Indian style.
 
 

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The genus Sphex Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) is studied from India and key to Indian species is provided. The state-wise distributions of four species of Sphex are augmented here. A new synonymy is proposed: Sphex zubaidiyacus Augul, 2013 = S. obscurus (Fabricius, 1804).

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Effect of gamma irradiation on total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) and sensory evaluations of Indian white shrimp (P. indicus) held frozen (-18˚C), for 9 months and every 1.5 months, was studied. TVB-N values increased gradually during the storage period rn and decreased with increasing irradiation dose that reached 20.64, 27.45, 34.14, 35.45 mg N/100g flesh, respectively for irradiated and control samples. Also with organoleptic evaluation indicated that, shelf-life of 5, 2.5 KGy samples increased up to 3 months and 1 KGy samples increased up to 1.5 months compared to control samples. rn  

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analysis of Korosh Safavi's researches about Indian style

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One of the most widely used stylistic techniques is the comparison of similar literary works in different historical periods. The result of these similarities and differences will be the mystery of the poet's superiority to the other, as well as the level of linguistic, historical and cultural influences on the literary text. With a quick look at Indian poetry and Isfahani style, one can clearly understand the increasing tendency of their creators to apply poetry techniques and techniques to their predecessors. Techniques and instruments that, in different aspects (form and content), distort the speech on the language chain from the standard and standard language and its proximity to the language of poetry and poetry. In this regard, determining the style of a poet is to identify and identify the same tools and techniques in frequency that vary from poet to poet. Accordingly, it should be noted that the main difference between the style of Isfahan and Indian style poets in the poet's approach to poetry of these times is poetry and common themes of the literary (motiv) themes in the common Iraqi style in Iran. Biddle strives to end the style of Hindi not influenced by Isfahan's style (impact anxiety theory); Such an approach is less intense against the Iraqi style poets and is more intense than the likes of Saeb.
 

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The crabronid wasp, Solierella turneri Dutt, 1917 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) is newly recorded from various regions of India and female is described. Hitherto, the S. turneri Dutt has been only reported from northern India (Pusa of Bihar), the current record extends its range to southern India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka).

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During 2018–2020, several field surveys have been conducted to collect thrips in different parts of India. Five thrips species: Dolichothrips reuteri (Karny), Hydatothrips haschemi Girault, Litotetothrips pasaniae Kurosawa, Mesothrips annamensis Priesner, and Stenchaetothrips bambusicola Mound have been identified as new to Indian subcontinent.

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Backgrounds: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cryptococcaemia in HIV infected patients with CD4 counts of ≤100 cells/mm3 in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials & Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted at the Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Health Sciences and Research, India, as a tertiary care hospital. All HIV infected patients with CD4 counts of ≤100 cells/mm3, referring to the hospital during May 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled in this study. Blood samples taken from patients were processed for wet mounting, negative staining with India ink, gram staining, fungal culture, and cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assay (LFA). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software Version 20.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) by employing Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests to compare categorical variables.
Findings: Out of 100 patients enrolled, 28 (28%) cases had CD4 counts below 50, while 72 (84.7%) patients had CD4 counts in the range of 51-100. Also, 55 patients (55%) received antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 45 (45%) cases were ART naï􀇅ve. About 56% of patients had no opportunistic infections, and 37% had pulmonary tuberculosis. Three samples were positive in LFA, showing a prevalence of 3%, while only one of the culture samples was positive for Cryptococcus species. However, low CD4 count was found to be strongly correlated with positive serum cryptococcal antigenemia.
Conclusion: The present study reveals that cryptococcal antigenemia is a health problem, and that cryptococcal antigen screening and treatment policy recommended by WHO should be performed routinely for HIV patients registered in ART centres in the current setting, especially for those who are ART naï􀇅ve and have CD4 counts of ≤100 cells/mm3.