---

---

This study investigated the relationships between self-esteem, empowerment attitudes, and perceptions of classroom justice among EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. Relative stratified sampling was used to choose the 329 participants that make up the research sample. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. This study used path analysis within the framework of structural equations, using a descriptive-correlational methodology, to analyze data and test research hypotheses. Software such as AMOS22 and SPSS22 were used to analyze the collected data. The results showed a significant correlation between students' perceptions of classroom justice dimensions and their feelings of empowerment and self-worth. The implications extend beyond the confines of the classroom, pointing towards a holistic approach to education that considers both the interpersonal dynamics within the learning environment and the individual empowerment of students.
 

---

 

---

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is commonest demyelinating disease among young adults. It demonstrates neurological dysfunctions in females more than males. Gonadal hormones have essential roles in maturation and differentiation of neurons and glial cells in both genders. The role of some gonadal female hormones such as progesterone has been well characterized on demyelination and remyelination in animal models. The role of androgens on neural system development and myelin maturation were identified. We previously observed that castration decreases the brain resistance against demyelinating insults and also reduces the subsequent repair. As the optic nerves and chiasm demyelination shows the hallmark characteristic in MS, inducing demyelination in optic apparatus, we have tried to find whether the effects of elimination of male gonadal hormones using gonadectomy could show the same, more or less changes in patterns of demyelination and repair comparing demyelinated females? Thus, to evaluate these alternations castrated male and female rats were compared by using visual evoked potentials and histological assessments on 2,7,14, and 28 days post lysolecithine (LPC) injection. Interestingly, we observed demyelination was started 2 day post lesion (dpl), reached to a maximum level at 7 and 14 dpl and then it partially but significantly reversed on 28 dpl. Demyelination and subsequent repair processes in both gonadectomized and female groups were shown almost the same patterns temporarily and in quality. Elimination of gonadal androgens could cause the male animals to undergone the same shape of de/remyelination compared female ones. In conclusion, differences between male and female demyelination and remyelination are substantially depending on male gonadal androgens. This work could be useful for understanding of the effects of sex hormones on demyelinating diseases and could offer fundamental information for repairing therapies in Multiple Sclerosis.

---

This paper is a sociological study of heamong female students. A sample of 110 female students (62 students from Alzahra alth, illness, and health-related behaviors -a single sex university located in Tehran- and 48 students from University of Tehran) were deeply interviewed. Using grounded theory the interview-based information was analyzed. Findings suggest that health is believed to be the most important issue in life in terms of both mental and physical meanings. The female students who were interviewed describe illness differently. While one group knows it as something reducing the quality of life, the other group views it as a kind of God punishment. Regarding health-related behaviors, according to the results, female students ignore illness symptoms, kill pain temporarily and, by appearing beautiful, try to indicate they are mentally healthy. These lead to further dominance of male culture, risky life style and threaten social health. The above described views and behaviors among female students are influenced by low self-esteem, socialization, family interdependence and industrial life.

---

 Narration (Naqqali) is one of the oldest jobs, which is common in Iran. Some of the narrators (Naqqals) were engaged in Kings Court, known as the “Samar Khan”, “Qesse Khan” and ”Naqqal”. “Naqalbashi” was a position title in the court of Qajar. Some of the Narrators (Naqqals) were “Naqibalmamalek”. One of the most famous Naqibalmamaleks was the narrator of Amir Arsalan. Years after the publication of Amirarsalan's introduction by Mohammad-Jafar Mahjoub, Mohamed-Ali Nqibalmamalk was known as the narrator of the story. In recent years, a number of researchers in the field of folk literature know Mirza Ahmad as the narrator of Amir Arsalan. This article primarily explains Mirza Ahmad’s biography and then, according to one of the most important resources in Qajarid period, proposes that Mohammad Ali Naqibalmamalek was the narrator of Naseraldinshah’s court as well as Mirza Ahmad, and therefore, jodgement on which one was the true narrator of Amir Arsalan is too difficult.

---

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the Syrian type 2 diabetic females and the way they control it. Methods: A qualitative design based on the content analysis approach was used to collect data and analyze the females' experiences with type 2 diabetes. Semi-structured interviews carried out with 12 females who had visited the Diabetic Center in Lattakia from March to December 2011. Finding: Seven major themes emerged out of the study as strategies for diabetes control: responsibility taking, illness confirmation, acquiring diabetes knowledge, self-care, sociofamily support, hopefulness and religious beliefs. Conclusion: The findings of the study can be used to empower Syrian diabetic population and can provide nurses and other health professionals with more profound understanding of how the Syrian with diabetes view their lives and their sources of strength.

---

Aim: Using short text messages (SMS) is the easiest and cheapest method of health education programs in order to increase women’s’ knowledge and early detection of diseases. This study was conducted in 2013 in order to compare the educational effect of breast self examination (BSE) by two different methods of SMS and lecturing in female students who work and study in non- medical fields. Method: In a quasi-experimental study, 108 twenty- two to thirty year old female students of non- medical fields were chosen by random cluster sampling and then divided into 2 groups. One group was educated by lecturing and the other by SMS. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic, knowledge, attitude and performance sections (KAP) and a check list for direct observation. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software, using parametric statistical tests (paired T-test) with the significant level of p<0.05. Findings: After education in both groups, a significant difference was observed in the average scores of KAP (p= 0.001). Educating by both lecturing and SMS promoted the level of KAP about BSE (p=0.001). KAP score of doing BS in text message group was higher than the lecture group (p=0.001). SMS was chosen as the best way of BSE education. Conclusion: Compared KAP scores about the quality of doing BSE in the SMS group were higher than the lecture group; therefore, it is suggested that this educating method can be used in the health education programs especially in controlling breast cancer and maintaining the level of health among women in the society.

---

Aim: This study focuses on the impact of contraceptive methods on weight gain among female athletes. Clinical studies confirm that weight gain is often considered a side effect of hormonal contraceptives and many women think that an association exists; this is while, Sports Medicine and Injuries’ Studies report that this effect is still unclear. This comparative study was designed to dwell on the results of similar studies.
Method: Two groups of voluntary female athletes agreed to participate in this study. They were distributed based on the conditions proposed for this study (Group 1 took the oral contraceptive, and Group 2 practised condom) for three cycles of the ovum of the same marital lifestyle. Then they were tested based on the U.S. Federal Government’s Standard Fitness Tests for Women, and their homogeneity was calculated on the basis of age (training and chronology), the typical training program, and social condition.
Findings: Based on the research findings:
• The proposed techniques prevent pregnancy record in regulating the samples’ menstruation cycle during the experiment.
• Practising condom preserves the body weight index composition with a positive physical potential.
• Taking oral contraceptive increases the body fat with negative physical potential.
• There is a strong positive relationship between the body fat and the level of body fitness in the benefit of condom.
Conclusion: Our results are in line with the findings from similar clinical and sport medicine studies, confirming that the use of oral contraceptives increases the percentage of body fat and decreases aerobic fitness among female athletes.

---

Aim: This study was performed to investigate the general mental health and aggression in female prisoners in Isfahan with the aim of determining whether the scores of aggression and general mental health differ according to selected demographic characteristics.
Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study was performed in the central prison of Isfahan. Regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 170 female prisoners were selected and completed the study self-administered questionnaires including Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ (and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‑28) as well as demographic information. Data were analyzed by SPSS20.
Findings: Five questionnaires were excluded due to deficiencies. Finally, 165 valid completed questionnaires were prepared for the analysis. According to the traditional ranking and cut-off point of 22 for GHQ‑28 scores, prevalence of suspected psychological disorders among participants was 87.9%. ANOVA test results showed significant differences between the GHQ-28 scores of participants with different characteristics. Females under 20 years old (P≤.001), single females (p=.015), and those who had no children (p=.021) reported higher scores in general mental health (higher values in the scale indicate more psychological symptoms) Likewise, there were significant differences between the BPAQ scores of participants with different characteristics (P≤.001).
Conclusion: Younger and single female prisoners and those who had no children were suffering from lower mental health and more aggression. The present study emphasizes on the necessity of psychological assistance and support to improve mental health of these groups of female prisoners.

---

---

Aims: The main goal of the upcoming research is to explain the principles and spatial qualities of campuses based on the environmental preferences of female students.

Methods The nature of the research is qualitative and exploratory based on the methodology of content analysis and semi-structured in-depth interviews with a total of 40 female students of the faculties of literature and humanities and basic sciences in each of the two studied universities of Tehran and Shahid beheshti is done.

Findings: According to the narrative of female students, eight criteria of urban location, university campus structure plan, faculty architecture plan, likeability, university brand, attention to the dignity and rights of female students, the attractiveness of university activities and events, and the importance of hangout in the university are among the environmental qualities. It is effective in improving the presence of female students in university campuses.

Conclusion: Based on the environmental preferences of women, in addition to physical factors, non-physical factors are also effective in the presence of women in university campuses. In addition, the space may have a suitable physical quality, but it is gendered in a way that gives the woman the feeling of being subjugated and under control. For this purpose, the physical qualities of university campuses are necessary and not sufficient to promote the presence of girls.

---

Aim: Female sex workers' capacity for sexually transmitted infections is a major concern in the developing countries, such as Iran. This study aimed to explore the social determinants of sex work among female sex workers.
Methods: Qualitative approach was applied, and the participants were recruited from two shelters and three harm reduction drop-in centers (DICs) in Tehran. Seventeen in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted with female sex workers. Inclusion criteria of the present study were Iranian women aged 15-45 years, being sexually active in the past 12 months, ability to comprehend Farsi, and being eager to participate in the study. Purposive sampling with maximum variation sampling was used for data gathering. Content analysis was applied for data analysis.
Findings: Three main themes emerged in the data analysis process: family, inefficient education, and social risks. The subthemes of family included lack of financial support, lack of emotional support, unbounded family, and inappropriate husband. The subthemes of inefficient education were defect of education in the family, lack of education in the community, and peer education. The subthemes of social risks included risky society and risky friends.
Conclusion: It is recommended that the role of family, friends, and peers to be highlighted to families. Also sexual health education must be provided for youth and high risk groups, such as sex workers.

---

---

The River’s End is a fictional work with a dream-like structure. In this article we analyze this story and its meaning-making structure through a Freudian approach. This reading includes two layers: (1) the overt or surface structure of the story; (2) the covert or deep structure of the story. In the overt layer, it is demonstrated that the story has a conceptual structure and its events are narrated in a disorganized plot in which the causality and time sequence are distorted. In the covert layer, we have distinguished between metaphoric and hidden plot. In the metaphorical plot, the symbols of the narrative of The River’s End have been identified and two symbols of Zāyandeh-Rood and Gāvkhuni as two prevalent feminine symbols which are related to the return to the womb are analyzed. Many of the characters then based on their relationship to these two symbols are psychoanalyzed. In the hidden plot the relationship between the narrator with the pleasure principle and death principle are analyzed to unravel the unending suspension of the narrator in the procedures of fate, repetition, and movement toward death is defined.

---

There are several attitudes about the linguistic characteristics of literary works by female authors. The present study aims at highlighting the need for a stylistic analysis of female fictions as a method for linguistic, literary, and ideological analyses of these works. In this study, we have studied the most important stylistic aspects of Pirzad’s writings through a feminist stylistic approach. The results of the study indicate that from the first work of the author (Mesl-e hameh-ye asr-ha^[1]) to the last work (Ādat mikonim^[2]), a feminist point of view has emerged at different levels of the texts, e.g. lexicon, sentence, and discourse. The changing trend of thought which leads to linguistic transformation and development in the author’s work is as follows: in Mesl-e hameh-ye asr-ha,Ta’m-e gass-e khormalu,^[3]Yek ruz mandeh be eid-e pak,^[4] the women are engaged in routines and have no intentionality of their own, while in Cheragh-ha ra man khamoosh mikonam,^[5] the women status is challenged, and in Adat mikonim, due to the role of women in social activities, a different description of female identity as the agent of change is presented.
[1]. Like All Evenings [2]. We Will Get Used to It [3]. The Acrid Taste of Persimmon  [4]. One Day before Easter [5]. I Turn off the Lights

---

---

---

In this study Zarryn malk to Naqyb almmalk authenticity of the text and its relationship to the Qajar examined and evaluated. For this purpose, fotmula shared form between the text and two other works Naqyb almmalk, the Amir Arsalan and Malek jamshyd extracted and assessed. Although formula, joint actions narrative in classical texts, but considering how the use of different forms of rhetorical distinction, can play an important role in determining personal style and knowledge of the creator. Formula common eight groups of three texts in this study statements formula the beginning, end, descriptive, Among - text, similes, swear, curse and prayer is segmentation. In addition Formula, other common patterns matched three texts, in three verses, names and common spells have been studied. According to the same frequency patterns and same Formula, can be manuscript Zarryn malk text from Nqyb almmalk, story-tellers knew Naseral - Din Shah Qajar court.

---

Memories of the imposed Iraq war against Iran were linked to men’s narratees. More women played a role as an object linked to solider, such as martyr’s mother and wife. Da is a different book. In this article, we try to study Da and its relation to the dominant social discourse, with using Fairclough theory and method. He mentioned three-dimensional framework for studying discourse: analysis of language texts, analysis of discourse practice and analysis of socio-cultural practice. We will show Da, unlike the traditional discourse, emphasis on the other roles of women in the imposed war. In addition, Da tries to make a female verbal construction that it is not found in similar women books. Da goes beyond the traditional discourse of women’s role in war, and seems to have succeeded in this way. With a male act and female speech, Da creates a new text and a new discourse.