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Various factors, such as temperature stress, dietary changes, and the entry of contaminants and infections into the hemolymph, are known to affect insect immune responses by altering hemocyte profiles. The research focused on the hemocyte profile, hemogram across all biological stages, and the morphological and frequency changes of hemocytes in third instar larvae exposed to temperature stress. Cucumber fruits infected with insect larvae were collected and brought to the laboratory, where third instar larvae were extracted from the fruit tissue. The hemolymph was then collected, and after staining with Giemsa solution, hemocytes were identified under a light microscope. The hemogram analysis included measurements of DHC, THC, blood volume, and AHC across all biological stages. In third instar larvae, plasmatocytes and granulocytes were the most abundant, comprising about 56% of the hemocyte population. In contrast, prohemocytes were most frequent in the first instar larvae, accounting for approximately 37%. THC was highest in third instar larvae, indicating a direct correlation between hemolymph volume and total hemocyte count. Temperature stress had a significant impact on hemocyte numbers. Heat stress, with temperatures up to 30 and 35 °C, led to a notable increase in total cell count, granulocytes, and plasmatocytes. Conversely, cold temperatures resulted in a decrease in prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, and the total cell count compared to the control group. Additionally, temperature stress induced hemocyte deformation, with plasmatocytes and granulocytes showing the most pronounced changes under heat stress, including torn cell walls and loss of cell contents at 35 ^○C.

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This study was performed on the collections of the National Zoological Collection of the Zoological Survey of India and described a new species in the “multidentati” Cyphoderus group from Bihar, India. This new species, Cyphoderus bihariensis sp. nov., is described with a distinguishing comparison among other species within this group. The new species is notably large compared to its counterparts in this group. This study also redescribed Cyphoderus javanus Börner, 1906 collected from various localities and habitats across India and provides additional morphological identification characters and chaetotaxy for taxonomic sufficiency. Earlier, India was home to nine Cyphoderus species from various localities across the country. Additionally, an identification key to the Indian Cyphoderus is included.

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The genus Ametastegia Costa 1882 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Allantinae) was studied in northern Iran. The specimens were collected using sweeping net and Malaise traps during March to November 2010 and 2011. Four species were collected and identified of which Ametastegia persica Khayrandish, Talebi & Blank sp. n. is described as new to science. An illustrated key for identification of Ametastegia species in Iran is provided.

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The genus Phaeoacremonium is associated with decline disease of woody plants and with human infections. Members of this genus have broad host range and wide geographical distribution. During 2010, ten isolates of Phaeoacremonium were recovered from vascular tissues of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) trees, showing decline symptoms in Shiraz city. Anamorphic characteristics such as, conidiophore morphology, phialide type and shape, size of hyphal warts, conidial size and shape were investigated. Based on morphological characteristics the presence of Pm. rubrigenum in Iran was documented. To confirm morphological identification, DNA was extracted from isolates using a genomic DNA purification Kit. Region of internal transcribed spacers 1, 2 and 5.8S genes of rDNA were amplified using ITS4 and ITS1 universal primer set. Fragments of 630 bp were recovered from PCR, purified, sequenced, edited and deposited in GenBank. Pm. rubrigenum isolates had an average of 99 % identity with all P. rubrigenum sequences compared. This species is a new report from Iran.  

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Background: Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory chronic disease of pilosebaceous unit. One of the most important factors playing a role in occurrence of acne is presence of Propionibacterium acnes. With the aim of molecular identification of the P. acnes from the acne vulgaris lesions, current research was carried out. Methods: In this study, contents within the lesions was collected from 70 patients. The presence of the P. acnes was examined by a specific PCR technique. Results: Of 70 samples, 58 samples (82.85%) were determined to be positive in terms of presence of P. acnes. No significant relationship was observed between presence of P. acnes and each one of the studied demographic factors, including gender, age, disease period, family background and treatment background. Conclusions: The adopted molecular technique has obviated the limitations associated with the culture method for identification of the bacteria. To overcome the problems with conventional culture techniques for P. acne, this PCR method is promising for better identification of this bacterium.

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Based on the morphology and corallites structures, seventeen species of scleractinian corals in seven families were described from the Chabahar Bay, fourteen species of which are being reported for the first time from this bay. The identified species include  Acropora valida Dana, 1846,  Acropora clathrata Brook, 1891 and  Acropora nausta Dana, 1846 belonging to Acroporidae, Favia matthai Vaughan, 1918, Favites complanata Ehrenberg, 1824, Favites flexusa Dana, 1846, Leptastrea purpurea Dana, 1846, Faviafavus Forskal, 1775 and Cyphastrea microphtalma Lamarck, 1816 belonging to Favidae, Acanthastrea hillae Wells, 1955 and Scolymia australis Milne Edwards and Haime, 1849 belonging to Musidae, Pocillopora damicornis Linnaeus, 1758 belonging to Pocilloporidae, Porites solida Forskal, 1775 and  Porites compressa Dana, 1846 belonging to Poritidae, Coscinaraea wellis Veron & Pichon, 1980 and Pseudosiderastrea tayami Yab and Sugiyama, 1935 belonging to Siderastreidae and Turbinaria peltata Esper, 1794 belonging to Dendrophylliidae, were identified.

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Citric acid is one of the industrial products with extensive applications which are used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and chemical industries. Although to 1965 Aspergillus niger was single strain to production of citric acid but yeasts are good candidate for citric acid production because growth on cheap and disposal substrates such as hydrocarbon and oils, low sensitive to trace elements in raw material. In this study, citric acid producing yeasts were isolated. Among 340 isolated yeast strains from dairy, meat and food products from Isfahan factories on screening media. 12 strains cultivated in citric acid production medium have been chosen for further study. Production of citric acid was determined by colorimetric method and Megazyme kit during 192 hours. One of the isolated yeasts with 55.5 g/g citric acid production along 144 hours after inoculation had the best yield. Biochemical and molecular tests showed that this strain belonged to the species Yarrowia lipolytica, molecular tests confirmed by sequencing; therefore it was named as Y. lipolytica M7 with accession number HM011048 in Genbank..

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In this study, several data-driven techniques including system identification, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN) and wavelet-artificial neural network (Wavelet-ANN) models were applied to model rainfall-runoff (RR) relationship. For this purpose, the daily stream flow time series of hydrometric station of Hajighoshan on Gorgan River and the daily rainfall time series belonging to five meteorological stations (Houtan, Maravehtapeh, Tamar, Cheshmehkhan and Tangrah climatologic stations) were used for period of 1983-2007. Root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r) statistics were employed to evaluate the performance of the ANN, ANFIS, ARX and ARMAX models for rainfall-runoff modeling. The results showed that ANFIS models outperformed the system identification, ANN and Wavelet-ANN models. ANFIS model in which preprocessed data using fuzzy interface system was used as input for ANN which could cope with non-linear nature of time series and performed better than others.

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Background:  Aeromonas spp. can cause diarrhea and various infections in humans. Access to rapid techniques with a high sensitivity and specificity is strongly needed for the identification of Aeromonas species. The aim of this study was to evaluate two different methods including API 20E bacterial identification tests and the molecular detection using PCR primers specific for 16s-rRNA and 23S-rRNA genes sequences for identification of Aeromonas spp. in stool samples from patients with diarrhea. Materials and Methods: One hundred stool samples from diarrheal patients were collected. All isolates were subjected toAPI 20 E strip tests and PCR using specific primers for identification of Aeromonas spp. Results: The API 20E analysis identified 2 (2.2%) isolates as Aeromonas spp. Molecular identification by aero-23S-rRNA gene confirmed the same 2 isolates as identified by the API 20E strips. Conclusion: Both API 20E system and PCR method using Aero 23S-rRNA primer were found to be accurate in identification of Aeromonas spp. isolates with highconfidence.

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A faunistic survey was conducted in Ardabil province (North-western Iran), during spring 2013 to study the ichneumonids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) associated with grasslands in this area. Samplings were carried out by the sweeping net in natural grasslands, neighboring fields and orchards. A total of twelve ichneumonid species belonging to nine genera and five subfamilies were collected and identified. The species were identified as follow: Collyria coxator (Villers, 1789), Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829), Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781), Diplazon pectoratorius (Gravenhorst, 1829), Homotropus crassicornis (Thomson, 1890), Homotropus elegans (Gravenhorst, 1829), Homotropus signatus (Gravenhorst, 1829), Lysibia nana (Gravenhorst, 1829), Orthocentrus castellanus (Ceballos, 1963), Picrostigeus setiger (Brischke, 1871), Promethes sulcator (Gravenhorst, 1829) and Syrphophilus bizonarius (Gravenhorst, 1829). Homotropus crassicornis is newly recorded for the fauna of Iran. An identification key to the known species of the genus Homotropus Foerster, 1869 from Iran is presented.

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The fauna of the subfamily Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in the north central parts of Iran was studied during 2010-2011. A total of 933 specimens were collected in 30 localities at different altitudes using Malaise traps. Sixteen species belonging to 7 genera were identified of which twelve species indicated by asterisk, are new records for Iran: Diplazon annulatus (Gravenhorst)*, Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius),D. pectoratorius (Gravenhorst)*, D. tibiatorius (Thunberg)*, Enizemum ornatum (Gravenhorst), Homotropus nigritarsus (Gravenhorst)*, Homotropus pictus (Gravenhorst)*, Promethes sulcator (Gravenhorst), Sussaba flavipes (Lucas)*, Sussaba pulchella (Holmgren)*, Syrphoctonus tarsatorius (Panzer)*, Syrphophilus bizonarius (Gravenhorst)*, Tymmophorus obscuripes (Holmgren)*, Woldstedtius biguttatus (Gravenhorst), Woldstedtius citropectoralis (Schmiedeknecht)* and Xestopelta gracilima (Schmiedeknekht)*. Detailed morphological characters and a key to the genera and species are provided. Flight periods and distribution in relation to altitude on two slopes of the Alborz mountains are discussed.

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problem statement: Common values ​​between residents and citizens of a neighborhood are fundamental in having a collective and common mentality. The emergence of common values ​​in the neighborhood depends on several factors. One of the qualities and concepts that significantly impact these common values ​​is the spatial differentiation of the neighborhood. This article aims to investigate the effect of the degree of spatial differentiation of neighborhoods on the formation of common values ​​among citizens.
Method: This research has been done using a survey and based on field studies in the neighborhood of Ahvaz city and based on the opinions of 663 residents of selected neighborhoods.
Findings: Many of the city's problems and ills are caused by a lack of shared values ​​and collective mentality and understanding. Neighborhoods with unique characteristics, distinctiveness, and different spatial distinctions can provide many qualities. Shared values ​​lead to a shared understanding of the neighborhood, enhance collective and shared experiences, and thus add to neighborhood quality and urban quality.
Conclusion: The results show that the spatial differentiation of neighborhoods significantly leads to the formation and promotion of common and collective values ​​among citizens. Moreover, the distinction of physical appearance and neighborhood identification are among the most critical factors.

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The present study investigates the impact of emotion, team characteristics, and team social responsibility on the team identification of the most popular teams in the Iran Pro League. To measure variables Wann and Branscombe (1993) Team Identification Scale, Lee et al. (2018) Sport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ), Yoshida and James (2010) Team Characteristics, Lichtenstein et al. (2004) Social Responsibility, and Weimann-Saks et al. (2019) Second Screen Behavior were used. To assess content validity, five sports management researchers and the reliability of the Team identification was 0.62, second screen behavior 0.80, Team Social Responsibilities 0.91, Team Characteristics 0.67, and Emotion was 0.86. In the first part of the research, 350 fans of the most popular teams in the Iran Premier League participated using a quota homogeneous convenience sampling methodology. In the second part, 379 people were present to fit the team identification model for Persepolis F.C., 387 people for Esteghlal F.C., 335 people for Sepahan S.C., and 431 people for Tractor S.C. as samples. The findings showed that team identification impacts the second-screen behavior of fans. However, the effect of predicting team identification on each of the most popular teams in the Iran Pro League is different. In general, team identification is important in the new media space, i.e., social media, and a new form of behavioral consequences of fans, i.e., second screen behavior.

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Although creating special value in professional sports teams is popular, the process of shaping the brand equity of the sports team in the sports marketing literature is still relatively unknown and not fully understood. This study provides a dual identification model to examine how to build the brand value of a sports team. This study aims to investigate the role of team identity antecedents and team brand identity in constructing the brand equity of Traktor football team fans. The research method is descriptive-correlation and is applied based on the purpose. The statistical population is all the fans of the tractor manufacturing team. The sampling method is unlikely and available. The sample size was estimated based on sample power software. Two hundred and sixty-four people participated in this study. The face validity and content of the questionnaires were confirmed by a survey of 5 sports management professors, structural validity was confirmed using convergent and divergent validity, and reliability was confirmed by using α and CR. The results showed that market characteristics (including social experience, outstanding group experience, history, and fan etiquette) and symbolic stimuli (including similarity, distinction, and brand credibility) significantly correlated with team and brand identity. In addition, identification with the team identity and brand identity of the sports team are significant predictors of the brand equity of the sports team. These findings emphasize the dual identification study's importance in forming the brand equity of the sports team for sports team managers.
 

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Aim: Occupational health with the goals of providing, maintaining and enhancing the physical, psychological and social health of employees and preventing harmful factors is important.
One of the ways of preventing occupational hazards is to identify them in the workplace. So the purpose of this research is to identify hazards and risk assessment in order to provide the necessary information to help make the decisions required to reduce the occupation-related risks.
Methods: In this study, we used a combination of FMEA and AHP methods to assess the occupational risks of the cement industry.
Findings: In this study, eight hazards were first examined by the FMEA method, which was the highest risk priority number for occupational hazards. Then the hierarchical analysis process technique was used to evaluate and rank the hazards, with the risk of working at an elevated level with a relative weight of 0.2234 in the first place and the dangers of working with machinery with a relative weight of 0.20864.
Conclusion: The manufacturing activities in this industry are required to work in different conditions such as high altitude, work and contact with dangerous rotating and moving equipment, and high-risk manufacturing processes that provide suitable safety controls and structures for the protection of human capital and even upgrading machines. Therefore, the health of the staff and the work environment is necessary.

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Rabia Skini Associate Professor of Iran Atomical Energy Organization Seyed Elhamoddin Sharifi Ale-Hashem Ph.D. Student of Private Law, Tarbiat Modares University In spite of the companies may have all rights which law recognise for humans, for their unreal nature, they can not exercise their rights and inevitably performance of rights leave to humans which act as it's directors. Now, directors' powers limits not arise from legal theories, but they result from social and economic facts. Therefore, proxy and agency theories which indicate limited powers for directors and inconsistant with commercial exigencies and it's most important principles, namely security and speed, were set aside, the "Identification Theory" which contains all powers for directors in relation with third parties, was arised. Iran and English legal systems also, accepted this director's full powers. The full power is, merely in relation of company with third parties, but in relation of directors with company, they must act in limits of accertained powers and if they act ultra vires, they shall be responsible before the company. Although their act before third parties is effective.

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Morphological observations are made on several populations of Hoplolaimus indicus and Hoplolaimus seinhorsti, recovered from rhizosphere of mango, tamarind, sour orange and sugarcane from the southern regions of Iran. Detailed studies on the two species Hoplolaimus dubius and H. indicus being separated from each other based on some morphological characters, revealed each of them having intra-specific and overlapping variations in morphology and morphometric ranges, enough for not separating two closely related aforementioned species and as a result, H. dubius is considered as a junior synonym of H. indicus. Observations on H. seinhorsti also supported the Siddiqi’s decision on the synonymy of Hoplolaimus sheri with H. seinhorsti. The results of the phylogenetic analyses using D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene were in agreement with the results of previous works, i.e. the classic scheme for assigning species of the genus into two "ancestral" and/or "derived" groups was supported. In phylogenetic trees inferred, using different analysis methods, the Iranian populations of H. indicus were located in the same clade with H. seinhorsti and H. columbus, belonging to "derived" group of species of the genus characterized by having six nuclei in pharyngeal glands, less than four incisures at each lateral field and anteriorly situated position of excretory pore to hemizonid.

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This is the first report of two ectoparasitoid wasps, Elachertus inunctus (Nees, 1834) in Iran and Elachertus pulcher (Erdös, 1961) (Hym.: Eulophidae) in the world, that parasitize larvae of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lep.: Gelechiidae). The specimens were collected from tomato fields and greenhouses in Ahwaz, Khouzestan province (south west of Iran). Both species are new records for fauna of Iran. The knowledge about these parasitoids is still scanty. The potential of these parasitoids for biological control of T. absoluta in tomato fields and greenhouses should be investigated.

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A survey was carried out on the genus Colotrechnus Thomson, 1878 (Hym., Pteromalidae) in North Eastern (North Khorasan) and South Eastern (Kerman) provinces of Iran. Two species including Colotrechnus subcoeruleus Thomson, 1878 and Colotrechnus viridis (Masi, 1921) were found, of which the first species is newly recorded from Iran. The new findings represent distribution of this genus along a wide area in Eastern provinces of Iran. An illustrated key to known Iranian species, as well as a brief diagnosis for each species are provided. A distribution map throughout the Palaearctic region is also generated and discussed.