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The aim of this study is to review the faunistic and systematic studies on aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera of Turkey and to make an analysis on the distribution and zoogeographically of the Turkish fauna. In this study, one species of Enicocephalomorpha, one species of Dipsocoromorpha, 51 species in 13 genera of Gerromorpha, four species in three genera of Leptopodomorpha and 55 species in 19 genera of Nepomorpha are reviewed. In total, 112 species belonging to 37 genera of five Infraorders are discussed from Turkey. Besides, all specimens were collected between 2009 and 2018 by the auther and the specimens deposited in the Nazife Tuatay Plant Protection Museum (Ankara) were also included in. It was determined that 94 species are distributed from Mediterranean, 57 species from Europe-Siberia and 90 species from Irano-Turanian. It was determined that nine species and subspecies comprising 8% of Turkish aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera are endemic are located in Turkey. In addition, new locality records are given for the species that have been collected and diagnosed. Species composition, diversity and proportion of endemism varies considerably among the zoogeographic regions of the country.

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Data was collected from 45 monthly samples at three vegetation layers spanning from 1950 to 2500 meters above sea level in the Arjan Plain Biosphere Reserve, Fars Province, Iran. A total of 12,648 individuals were collected, leading to the identification of 89 species of oribatid mites from 39 families and 53 genera The data for the Shannon diversity index was analyzed using the permutation one-way analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to understand the distribution of mites across the elevation gradients. Significant variations were observed in the distribution of oribatid mites at different elevational strata. Layer 2 exhibited the highest species richness and total abundance of oribatid mites, with 67 species and 6162 individuals, followed by layer 3 with 62 species and 4359 individuals, and layer 1 harbouring 59 species and 2140 individuals. Dominant species included Jacotella frondeus (Kulijev) and Oribatula pallida Banks in layer 1, Pilogalumna tenuiclava (Berlese), Aleurodamaeus sp.3, and J. frondeus in Layer 2, and Aleurodamaeus sp.3 and J. frondeus in layer 3. The Shannon index also revealed that species diversity of oribatid mites significantly increased with elevation increase. Furthermore, the analysis indicated a notable seasonal effect on oribatid mite biodiversity, demonstrating the lowest species richness and abundance observed in July and September.