Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics

Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics

Overview of Arachnids and Arachnology in Iran

Document Type : Monograph

Authors
1 Invertebrate Zoology, Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79415, U.S.A.
2 Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
3 Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, pr. 1128, kv. 504, AZ 1073, Azerbaijan
Abstract
An overview of the Arachnida and their study in Iran is provided. Besides ancient poetry, relics (going back to 5,000 YBP), and early medical observations (at least 2,000 YBP), the first published taxonomical observations of arachnids from Iran were in 1807 about scorpions. The superorders Parasitiformes and Acariformes (mites and ticks) have received by far the most attention among all of the Arachnida thanks to their economic and medical/veterinary importance. Occurrences have been noted for over 1,733 species in four orders: Ixodida, Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, and Trombidiformes. The first tick of the Ixodida was described in 1818. The first mite species described from Iran was of the Mesostigmata in 1982. The first member of the Sarcoptiformes named from Iran is uncertain, but the first Iranian species of the Suborder Oribatida was described in 1984 and was likely the first for the order. The first species described from Iran of the Order Trombidiformes were named in 1995. Studies on spiders started in 1874. Spiders are recorded by the occurrences of 764 species. Scorpions number 68 species in Iran and receive a lot of study and are better known compared to mites and spiders on a percentage basis, because scorpions have such a small diversity worldwide. The first Iranian species of Solifugae was described in 1895. The camel spiders are known from 67 species. Pseudoscorpions are recorded by 65 species. The Opiliones are known by 22 named species. The Amblypygi are recorded from Iran by one species described in 2018.

Graphical Abstract

Overview of Arachnids and Arachnology in Iran
Keywords

 
Abbassi, N. & Mustoe, G.E. (2018) Jurassic arthropod tracks from northern Iran. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 508, 176–187.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.07.034
Abdigoudarzi, M., Belgheiszadeh, H. & Shariati, N. (2006) Tick paralysis in human; a case report. Iranian Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1(3), 159–160.
Afshar, J. [= Afchar, Dj.] (1936) [Important pests of cotton in Iran]. Les insects nuisibles au cotonnier en Iran. Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran University. 69 pp. [in Persian].
Aḥmadī, ʿA. & Tuck, R.G. Jr. (2011) Arachnids or Arachnida. Encyclopædia Iranica, print version, London, 2(3), 245–246. Online edition last updated 2011, New York. Available from: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arachnids-or-arachnida-pers [Accessed 3 June 2018].
Akrami, M.A. (2006) Biodiversity of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) and survey of important species as vectors of Moniezia spp. (Cestoda) in Mazandaran Province. Ph.D. thesis, Agricultural Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University, 300 pp. [in Persian].
Akrami, M.A. (2015) An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran. Zootaxa, 3963(4), 451–501.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1
Akrami, M.A. (2016) The oribatid mite family Brachychthoniidae of Iran (Acari: Oribatida), with description of a new species. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 21(4), 405–416.
https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.4.3
Akrami, M.A. & Saboori, A. (2012) Acari of Iran, Vol. 2, Oribatid mites of Iran. University of Tehran Press, Tehran. 261 pp. [in Persian].
Amin, M.R., Khanjani, M. & Ueckermann, E.A. (2014) First record of the family Tarsocheylidae from Iran with the description of a new species (Acari: Trombidiformes). Acarina, 22(1), 40–45.
Arjomandi, E., Kazemi, Sh. & Rajaei, A. (2013) First record of Cheiroseius unguiculatus (Berlese) (Mesostigmata: Blattisociidae) from Iran. In: Joharchi, O. & Saboori, A. (eds.) Program and Abstract book. The Second International Persian Congress of Acarology, 29-31 August 2013, Karaj, Iran, p. 4.
Askarian, M., Mansour Ghanaie, R., Karimi, A. & Habibzadeh, F. (2012) Infectious diseases in Iran: a bird's eye view. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18(11), 1,081–1,088.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12021
Azarkina, G. N. & Zamani, A. [Азаркина, Г.Н., Замани, А.] (2019) The Aelurillina Simon, 1901 (Aranei: Salticidae) of Iran: a check-list and three new species of Aelurillus Simon, 1884 and Proszynskiana Logunov, 1996 [Aelurillina Simon, 1901 (Aranei: Salticidae) Ирана: список видов и три новых вида Aelurillus Simon, 1884 и Proszynskiana Logunov, 1996]. Arthropoda Selecta 28(1):83-97.
https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.28.1.07
Bagheri, M. (2007) Prostigmatic mite fauna of East Azerbaijan province orchards and fields. (Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation), Agricultural Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, 333 pp. [in Persian with English summary].
Bagheri, M., Navaei Bonab, R., Ghorbani, H., Mehrvar, A., Saber, M. & Ueckermann, E.A. (2010) The first occurrence of the family Barbutiidae (Acari: Prostigmata: Raphignathoidea) in Iran: Barbutia iranensis Bagheri, Navaei & Ueckermann sp. nov. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 15(3), 251–256.
https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.15.3.10
Barker, S.C. & Murrell, A. (2004) Systematics and evolution of ticks with a list of valid genus and species names. Parasitology, 129(7), 15–36.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182004005207
Bartsch, I. & Sepasgosarian, H. (1977) An introduction to morphology, anatomy, biology and distribution of Halacaridae (Acari). Razi University Publications, 2, 34 pp. [English]; 2, 43 pp. [Persian].
Beier, M. (1928) Die Pseudoskorpione des Wiener Naturhistorischen Museums. I. Hemictenodactyli. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 42, 285–314.
Beier, M. (1931) Zur Kenntnis der Chthoniiden (Pseudoskorpione). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 93, 49–56.
Beier, M. (1935) Chernetidae. In: Visser-Hooft, J. (ed.) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Niederländischen Expeditionen in den Karakorum und die angrenzenden Gebiete in den Jahren 1922, 1925 und 1929/30. Leipzig, 176.
Beier, M. (1943) Neue Pseudoskorpione aus West-, Zentral- und Ostasien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 53, 74–81.
Beier, M. (1949) Türkiye Psevdoscorpion'lari hakkinda. Türkische Pseudoscorpione. Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Istanbul, (B), 14, 1–20.
Beier, M. (1951) Ergebnisse der österreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949/50, Pseudoscorpione und Mantiden. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 58, 96–101.
Beier, M. (1952) The 3rd Danish Expedition to Central Asia. Zoological Results 7. Pseudoscorpionidea (Chelicerata) aus Afghanistan. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 114, 245–250.
Beier, M. (1959) Zur Kenntnis der Pseudoscorpioniden-Fauna Afghanistans. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 87, 257–282.
Beier, M. (1962) Ergebnisse der Zoologischen Nubien-Expedition 1962. Teil III. Pseudoscorpionidea. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 65, 297–303.
Beier, M. (1963) Die Pseudoscorpioniden-Fauna Israels und einiger angrenzender Gebiete. Israel Journal of Zoology, 12, 183–212.
Beier, M. (1966) Ein neuer Hysterochelifer (Pseudoscorp.) aus Afghanistan. Časopis Moravského Zemskeho Musea, Brné, 51, 259–260.
Beier, M. (1969) Ein neuer Allochernes (Pseudoscorp.) vom Elbursgebirge. Beiträge zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Südwestdeutschland, 28, 121–122.
Beier, M. (1971) Pseudoscorpione aus dem Iran. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 75, 357–366.
Beier, M. (1973) Beiträge zur Pseudoscorpioniden-fauna Anatoliens. Fragmenta Entomologica, 8, 223–236.
Beier, M. (1976) Neue und bemerkenswerte zentralamerikanische Pseudoskorpione aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 5, 1–5.
Berlese, A. (1910) Acari nuovi. Manipulus V, VI. Redia, 6, 199–234.
Beyzavi, G., Ueckermann, E.A., Faraji, F. & Ostovan, H. (2013) A catalog of Iranian Prostigmatic mites of superfamilies Raphignathoidea & Tetranychoidea (Acari). Persian Journal of Acarology, 2(3), 389–474.
Beyzavi, Gh. & Ostovan, H. (2011) First report of mites of the family Sphaerolichidae (Acari: Sphaerolichida) from Iran. In: Kazemi, Sh. & Saboori, A. (eds.) Abstract and Proceeding Book of the First Persian Congress of Acarology; 22–23 December 2011; Kerman, Iran. International Center for Science, High Technology, and Environmental Sciences, Kerman, p. 12.
Birula [as Virula], L. (1890) Zur Kenntnis der russischen Galeodiden. I-II. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 13, 204–209.
Birula, A. (1898) Miscellanea scorpiologica. III. Zur Synonymie der russischen Scorpione (Forsetzung). Ежегодник Зоологического музея Императорской академии наук Санкт-Петербурга [L‘annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg], 3, 276–83.
Birula, A.A. (1900) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Scorpionenfauna Ost-Persiens. (1. Beitrag). Извѣстія Императорской академіи наукъ [Bulletin de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg], sér 5, 12(4), 355–375
Birula, A.A. (1903) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Scorpionenfauna Ost-Persiens (Zweiter Beitrag). Извѣстія Императорской Академіи Наукъ [Bulletin de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg], sér 5, 19(2), 67–80.
Birula, A.A. (1905a) Beiträge zur Kenntriss der Skorpionenfauna Persien (3. Beiträge). Извѣстія Императорской академіи наукъ [Bulletin de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg], sér 5, 23(1-2), 119–148.
Birula, A.A. (1905b) Bemerkungen über die Ordnung der Solifugen. I-V. Ежегодник Зоологического музея Императорской академии наук Санкт-Петербурга [L‘annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg], 9, 391–416.
Birula, A.A. (1905c) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Solifugen-Fauna Persiens. Извѣстія Императорской академіи наукъ [Bulletin de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg], (5) 22(4, 5), 247–286.
Birula, A.A. (1906) Neue Solifugen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 30(1-2), 24–28.
Birula, A.A. (1907) Zur Systematik der Solifugengattung Gylippus. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 31(26), 885–893.
Birula, A.A. (1910) Ueber Scorpio maurus Linné und seine Unterarten. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 39, 115–192.
Birula [= Byalynitskii-Birulya], A.A. (1917) [Fauna of Russia and adjacent countries. Arachnoidea, V. 1. Scorpions.]. Фауна Россіи и сопредѣльных стран : преимущественно по коллекціям Зоологическаго музея Императорской академіи наук [The fauna of Russia and neighboring countries, mainly according to the collections of the zoological museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences]. I, xx+224 pp. [in Russian].
Birula, A.A. (1918) Miscellanea scorpiologica. XI. Materialy k scorpiofaune nizhnei Mesopotamii, Kurdistana i severnoi Persii (Matériaux pour servir á la scorpiofaune de la Mésopotamie inférieure, du Kurdistan et de la Perse septentrionale). Ежегодник Зоологического музея Императорской академии наук Санкт-Петербурга [L‘annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg], 22 (1918), 1–44 [in Russian].
Birula, A.A. (1922) Revisio analytica specierum asiaticarum generis Karschia Walter (Arachnoidea Solifugae). Ежегодник Зоологического музея Императорской академии наук Санкт-Петербурга [L‘annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg], 23 (1918-1922), 197–201.
Birula, A.A. (1935a) Über eine neue Eusimonia-Art (Solifuga) aus Nord-Persien. Известия Российской Академии Наук [Bulletin de l'Académie des sciences de Russie], 28, 1217–1222.
Birula, A.A. (1935b) Über neue oder wenig bekannte Arten der Gattung Karschia Walter (Solifugae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 110, 301–310.
Birula, A.A. (1937) Solifugen-Studien. I-II. [I. Über einige neue oder wenig bekannte Galeodes-arten mittelasiens. II. Über eine bemerkenswerte walzenspinne aus sudost-Persien]. Travaux de l'Institut Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS, 4, 565–598.
Brignoli, P.M. (1972) Une nouvelle Brachythele de l'Iran (Arachnida, Araneae, Dipluridae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 79, 409–413.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.97132
Brignoli, P.M. (1979) Contribution à la connaissance des Uloboridae paléarctiques (Araneae). Revue Arachnologique, 2(6), 275–282.
Brignoli, P.M. (1980) A new Harpactea from Iran (Araneae, Dysderidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 5, 95–97.
Brignoli, P.M. (1982) Contribution à la connaissance des Filistatidae paléarctiques (Araneae). Revue Arachnologique, 4, 65–75.
Carson, R. (1962) Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 368 pp.
Chamberlin, J.C. (1930) A synoptic classification of the false scorpions or chela-spinners, with a report on a cosmopolitan collection of the same. Part II. The Diplosphyronida (Arachnida-Chelonethida). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (10)5, 1–48, 585–620.
Chamberlin, J.C. (1933) Some false scorpions of the atemnid subfamily Miratemninae (Arachnida - Chelonethida). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 26, 262–268.
Christophoryová, J., Dashdamirov, S., Malek Hosseini, M.J., Sadeghi, S. (2013) First record of the genus Megachernes (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae) from an Iranian cave. Arachnologische Mitteilungen: Arachnology Letters, 46, 9–16.
https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit4603
Dabert, M., Wojciech, W., Andrzej, K., Ziemowit, O. & Jacek, D. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of acariform mites (Acari, Arachnida): Strong conflict between phylogenetic signal and long-branch attraction artifacts. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56(1), 222–241.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.020
Daday, E. (1889) Adatok a Kaukázus álskorpió-faunájának ismeretéhez. Természetrajzi Füzetek, 12, 16–22.
Daneshvar, H. & Denmark, H.A. (1982) Phytoseiids of Iran (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). International Journal of Acarology, 8(1), 3–14.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01647958208683272
Dashdamirov, S. (1991) New findings of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) in the USSR. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 9, 65–69.
Dashdamirov, S. (2005) Miscellanea chernetologica (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones), based on the collection of the Natural History Museum in Vienna, Part 2. Arthropoda Selecta, 14(4), 303–304.
Davachi, A. (1949) [Major economic pests of agricultural plants in Iran and their control] [Chemical Institute Publication, Tehran]. 294 pp. [in Persian].
De Geer, C. (1778) Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insects. Stockholm. 7, I–XII, 1–950, pls. 1–49.
Dehghani, R., Moabed, Sh., Kamyabi, F., Haghdoost, A.A., Mashayekhi, M., & Soltani H. (2008) Scorpions Fauna of Kerman Province. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 15(2), 170–179 [in Persian with English abstract].
Dehghani, R. & Fathi, B. (2012) Scorpion sting in Iran: A review. Toxicon, 60(5), 919–933.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.06.002
Dehghani, R. & Arani, M.G. (2015) Scorpion sting prevention and treatment in ancient Iran. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(2), 75–80.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.007
Dehghani, R., Haghi, F.M., Mogaddam, M.Y., Sedaghat, M.M. & Hajati, H. (2016) Review study of scorpion classification in Iran. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4(5), 440–444.
Dehghani, R. & Kassiri (2018) A checklist of Scorpion in Iran (by 2017). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 12(3), 880–887.
Dehkhoda, A.A. (1931) Dehkhoda Persian to Persian Dictionary. Tehran University Press, Tehran, 16 vols. [in Persian].
Doryanizadeh, N., Kamali, H. & Akrami, M.A. (2011) Fauna of Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Trombidiformes: Prostigmata) in Shiraz, Iran. In: Kazemi, Sh. & Saboori, A. (eds.) Abstract and Proceeding Book of the First Persian Congress of Acarology; 22–23 December 2011; Kerman, Iran. International Center for Science, High Technology, and Environmental Sciences, Kerman, p. 18.
Ewing, H.E. (1917) New Acarina: part II. Description of new species and varieties from Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 117, 113–121.
Ezzatpour, M. (1987) Tick, a vector of Piroplasmose and its control. Chehr Press, Tehran. 204 pp. [in Persian].
Farahbakhsh, Gh. (1961) A checklist of economically important insects and other enemies of plants and agricultural products in Iran. Plant Organization Press, 1, 1–133.
Farzanpay, R. (1987) [Knowing Scorpions]. Central University Publications, Tehran, 312(Biology 4), 231 pp. [in Persian, with Latin index].
Farzanpay, R. (1988) A catalogue of the scorpions occurring in Iran, up to January 1986. Revue Arachnologique, 8, 33–44. [reprinted in Archives of Razi Institute, 41, 1–12 (1990) http://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_109086_6517776af4ef0f54034f355aa8db1a67.pdf].
Fekri, S., Badzohre, A., Safari, R. & Azizi, K. (2012) Species identification and geographic distribution of scorpions in Jask towncounty, Hormozgan province. Medical Journal of Hormozgan University, 16(2), 135–142.
Feldmann, R.M., Kolahdouz, A., Biranvand, B. & Schweigert, G. (2007) A new family, genus, and species of lobster (Decapoda: Achelata) from the Gadvan Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Iran. Journal of Paleontology, 81(2), 405–407.
https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[405:ANFGAS]2.0.CO;2
Fet, V., Capes, E.M. & Sissom, W.D. (2001) A new genus and species of psammophilic scorpion from Vignoli et al.: Scorpiofauna of Kashan 7 eastern Iran (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Pp. 183–189 in V. Fet & Selden, P.A. (eds.) Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society, Burnham Beeches, Bucks, U.K.
Fet, V. & Lowe, G. (2000) Genus Buthus Leach, 1815. In: Fet, V., Sissom, W.D., Lowe, G. & Braunwalder, M.E. (eds.) Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758-1998). The New York Entomological Society, New York. pp. 91–97.
Fet, V., Kovařík, F., Gantenbein, B., Kaiser, R.C., Stewart, A.K. & Graham, M.R. (2018) Revision of the Mesobuthus caucasicus complex from Central Asia, with descriptions of six new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 255, 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2018.vol2018.iss255.1
Finnegan, S. (1932) Report on the scorpions collected by Mr. Bertram Thomas in Arabia. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 38(258), 91–98.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1932.tb00695.x
Francke, O.F. (1980) Revision of the genus Nebo Simon (Scorpiones, Diplocentridae). The Journal of Arachnology, 8, 35–52.
Gantenbein, B., Fet, V. & Gromov, A.V. (2003). The first DNA phylogeny of four species of Mesobuthus Vachon, 1950 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Eurasia. The Journal of Arachnology, 31, 412–420.
https://doi.org/10.1636/H01-23
Ghahari, H. & Marusik, Yu.M. (2009) New data on spider fauna of Iran (Araneae). Turkish Journal of Arachnology, 2, 1–8.
Gharakhloo, M.M., Heydaraba, S.A. & Yağmur, E.A. (2018) The scorpion fauna of West Azerbaijan Province in Iran (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Biharean Biologist, 12(2), 84–87.
Habibi, T. (1971) Liste de scorpions de l'Iran. Bulletin of the Faculty of Science of Teheran University, 2(4), 42–47.
Haitlinger, R. & Saboori, A. (1996) Seven new larval mites (Acari: Prostigmata, Erythraeidae) from Iran. Miscellania Zoologica, 19(2), 117–131.
Hajiqanbar, H. & Momen, F. (2006) A family of Prostigmatic mites, new to mite fauna of Iran. In: Manzari, Sh. (ed.) Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Vol. 1: Pests, 2-5 September 2006, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, p. 186.
Hajiqanbar, H. & Saboori, A. (eds.) (2017) Program & Abstract book of the third International Persian Congress of Acarology, 23-25 August 2017, Tehran, Iran. College of Science, University of Tehran, 70 pp.
Hajiqanbar, H. & Sobhi, M. (2018) New records of the microdispid mites (Acari: Heterostigmata: Microdispidae) associated with ants with a review of the family in Iran. Persian Journal of Acarology, 7(2), 105–113.
Hajiqanbar, H., Khaustov, A., Kamali, K., Saboori, A. & Kamali, H. (2009) New taxa of the family Trochometridiidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) associated with insects from Iran. Journal of Natural History, 43(43–44), 2,701–2,722.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930903243962
Hajizadeh, J. & Akrami, A. (2010) Acarology (external & internal morphology). University of Guilan Press, Rasht. 363 pp. [in Persian].
Hajizadeh, J. & Faraji, F. (2016) Identification guide and diagnosis key for predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae of Iran. ACECR [Academic Center for Education, Cultural Research] of Guilan Province Press, 164 pp. [in Persian].
Harvey, M.S. (2002) The neglected cousins: what do we know about the smaller Arachnid orders? The Journal of Arachnology, 30, 357–372.
https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0357:TNCWDW]2.0.CO;2
Harvey, M.S. (2013a) Order Pseudoscorpiones. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa, 3703(1), 34–35.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.8
Harvey, M.S. (2013b) Pseudoscorpions of the World, version 3.0, beta. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Available from: http://museum.wa.gov.au/catalogues-beta/pseudoscorpions [Accessed on 9 June 2018].
Harvey, M.S. (2013c) Solifuges of the World, version 1.0. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Available from: http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/catalogues/solifuges [Accessed on 24 June 2017] and http://museum.wa.gov.au/catalogues-beta/solifuges [Accessed on 31 July 2018].
Harvey, M.S. (2016) The systematics of the pseudoscorpion family Ideoroncidae (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisioidea) in the Asian region. The Journal of Arachnology, 44(3), 272–329.
https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-16-041.1
Hashemi-Fesharaki, R., Abdi-goudarzi, M. & Esmaeil-Nia, K. (2002) An illustrated guide to the Ixodidae ticks of Iran. Veterinary Organization of Iran, Tehran. 110 pp. [in Persian, scientific names in Roman script in title of figures].
Hemprich, F.G. & Ehrenberg, C.G. (1828) Animalia articulata. Arachnoidea, Scorpiones africani et asiatici. Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones Animalium evertebratorum sepositis insectis quae ex itinere per Africam Borealem et Asiam Occidentalem. Officina Academica, Decas Prima, Berolini, Plates IX et X.
Hemprich, F.G. & Ehrenberg, C.G. (1829) Vorläufige Uebersicht der in Nord-Afrika und West-Asien einheimischen Scorpione und deren geographischen Verbreitung, nach den eigenen Beobachtungen. Verhandungen der Gesellschaft Naturforschende Freunde in Berlin, 1, 348–362.
Hermann, J.F. (1804) Mémoire aptérologique, Strasbourg.
Hewitt, J. & Godfrey, R. (1929) South African pseudoscorpions of the genus Chelifer Geoffroy. Annals of the Natal Museum, 6, 305–336.
Heymons, R. (1902) Biologische Beobachtungen an asiatischen Solifugen, nebst Beiträgen zur Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschafen zu Berlin, 1902, 1–65.
Hirst, A.S. (1908) On some Oriental Solifugae, with descriptions of new forms. Records of the Indian Museum, 2(3), 241–247.
Jalaeian, M., Kamali, H. & Bertrand, M. (2013) First record of the family Labidostomatidae (Acari: Prostigmata) from Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. In: Joharchi, O. & Saboori, A. (eds.) Program and Abstract book. The Second International Persian Congress of Acarology, 29-31 August 2013, Karaj, Iran, p. 16.
Joharchi, O. & Saboori, A. (eds.) (2013) Program and Abstract book. The Second International Persian Congress of Acarology, 29-31 August 2013, Karaj, Iran. 69 pp.
Kamali, K., Ostovan, H. & Atamehr, A. (2001) A catalog of mites & ticks (Acari) of Iran. Islamic Azad University, Scientific Publication Center, Tehran. 196 pp. (+ 5 pp. Persian summary).
Karataş, A. & Garkheloo, M.M. (2013) A new Hemiscorpius Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Hemiscorpiidae) from Southwestern Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 37(1), 15–23.
Karimi, Y. (1981) Relapsing fever and its epidemiology. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran. 120 pp. [in Persian].
Kassiri, H, Mohammadzadeh Mahijan, N., Hasanvand, Z., Shemshad, M. & Shemshad, Kh. (2012) Epidemiological survey on scorpion sting envenomation in South-West, Iran. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 14(8), 80–83.
Katlav, A., Hajiqanbar, H. & Talebi, A.A. (2014) First record of the genus Acanthomastix Mahunka, 1972 (Acari: Dolichocybidae) from Asia, with the description of a new species. International Journal of Acarology, 40(1), 7–14.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2014.883429
Kazemi, Sh, Moraza, M.L., Kamali, K. & Saboori, A. (2008) A new genus and three new species of Eviphididae (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with scarab beetles in Iran. Zootaxa, 1852(1), 1–20.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1852.1.1
Kazemi, Sh. & Rajaei, A. (2013) An annotated checklist of Iranian Mesostigmata (Acari), excluding the family Phytoseiidae. Persian Journal of Acarology, 2(1), 63–158.
Kazemi, Sh. & Saboori, A. (eds.) (2011) Abstract and Proceeding Book of the First Persian Congress of Acarology; 22–23 December 2011; Kerman, Iran. International Center for Science, High Technology, and Environmental Sciences, Kerman, 180 pp.
Kazemi, Sh., Samanipour, M. & Hashemi Nasab Pabandi, S.H. (2011) First record of mites of the family Microgyniidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Iran. In: Kazemi, Sh. & Saboori, A. (eds.) Abstract and Proceeding Book of the First Persian Congress of Acarology; 22–23 December 2011; Kerman, Iran. International Center for Science, High Technology, and Environmental Sciences, Kerman, p. 28.
Khalil-Manesh, B. (1969) Tea pests in Iran. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Karaj, Iran, pp. 162–175 [in Persian with English summary].
Khalil-Manesh, B. (1973) Phytophagous mite fauna of Iran. Applied entomology and phytopathology, 35, 30–38 [in Persian with English summary].
Khalil-Manesh, B. (1979) Studies related to the action of Amblyseius aberrans (Oudemans) on Tydeus gloveri (Ashmead). Applied entomology and phytopathology, 47(2), 131–148 [in Persian with English summary].
Khanjani, M. & Haddad Irani-Nejad, K. (2006) Mites injurious to agricultural products. Bu-Alisina University Press, ‎Hamedan. 520 pp. [in Persian].
Khazanehdari, M., Mirshamsi, O. & Aliabadian, M. (2016) Contribution to the solpugid (Arachnida: Solifugae) fauna of Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40, 608–614.
https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1507-34
Khosrowshahi, M. & Arbabi, M. (1997) The Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of Iran with description of new species for the world fauna & Iran. Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute Publication, Tehran. 56 pp.
Kiany, N., Sadeghi, S., Kiany, M., Zamani, A. & Ostovani, S. (2017) Additions to the crab spider fauna of Iran (Araneae: Thomisidae) / Ergänzungen zur Krabbenspinnenfauna des Iran (Araneae: Thomisidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen: Arachnology Letters, 53, 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit5301
Kitto, J. (1838) Uncle Oliver's Travels in Persia. H. G. Bohn, London. 395 pp.
Koch, C.L. (1837) Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden, Regensberg.
Koch, C.L. (1839) Die Arachniden. C. H. Zech´sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, 5(6), 125–158.
Koch, C.L. (1842) Systematische Übersicht über die Familie der Galeoden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 8, 350–356.
Koch, C.L. (1843) Die Arachniden. Getreu nach der Natur Abgebildet und Beschrieben, Nürnberg.
Koch, L. (1873) Uebersichtliche Dartstellung der Europäischen Chernetiden (Pseudoscorpione), Nürnberg.
Koç, H., Moradi, M., Erdek, M., Yağmur, E.A. & Gharahkloo, P.M. (2015) Correction of the type locality of Rhagodes caucasicus, and the first record of the species from Iran with redescription of the species from Turkey (Solifugae: Rhagodidae). Entomological News, 125(4), 260–268.
https://doi.org/10.3157/021.125.0406
Komposch, C. (2002) Spinnen, Weberknechte, Skorpione und Walzenspinnen aus dem Iran (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Scorpiones, Solifugae). In: Gutleb, B. & Wieser, C. (eds.) Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Exkursion in den Nordiran. Carinthia II, 192/112, 33–140.
Kontschán, J. & Hajizadeh, J. (2013) First record of the family Macrodinychidae Hirschmann, 1975 (Acari: Uropodina) from Iran. Persian Journal of Acarology, 2, 189–193.
Kovařík, F. (1997) Results of the Czech Biological Expedition to Iran. Part 2. Arachnida: Scorpiones with descriptions of Iranobuthus krali gen. n. et sp. n. and Hottentotta zagrosensis sp. n. (Buthidae). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 61, 39–52.
Kovařík, F. (2003) Eight new species of Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 from Africa and Asia (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Serket, 8(3), 87–112.
Kovařík, F. (2004) Revision and taxonomic position of genera Afghanorthochirus Lourenço & Vachon, Baloorthochirus Kovařík, Butheolus Simon, Nanobuthus Pocock, Orthochiroides Kovařík, Pakistanorthochirus Lourenço, and Asian Orthochirus Karsch, with descriptions of twelve new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 16, 12–33.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2004.vol2004.iss16.1
Kovařík, F. (2005) Taxonomic position of species of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 described by Ehrenberg and Lourenço, and description of a new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 28, 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2005.vol2005.iss28.1
Kovařik, F. (2013) Family Chaerilidae. In: Kovařik, F. & Ojanguren Affilastro, A.A. (eds.) Illustrated catalog of scorpions Part II Bothriuridae: Buthidae I, genera Compsobuthus, Hottentotta, Isometrus, Lychas and Sassanidotus. Clarion Production, Prague. pp. 145–212.
Kovařík, F. & Ahmed, Z. ( 2013) A review of Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897), with description of two new species from Pakistan and India (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 168, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2013.vol2013.iss168.1
Kovařík, F. & Fet, V. (2006) Taxonomic position of the genus Simonoides Vachon et Farzanpay, 1987, and description of a new species of Orthochirus Karsch from Iran (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 38, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2006.vol2006.iss38.1
Kovařík, F., Navidpour, S. & Soleglad, M.E. (2017) Hemiscorpius shahii sp.n. from Iran (Scorpiones: Hemiscorpiidae). Euscorpius, 249, 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2017.vol2017.iss249.1
Kovařík, F., Yağmur, E.A. & Fet, V. (2019) Review of Hottentotta described by A. A. Birula, with descriptions of two new species and comments on Birula’s collection (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 282, 1–30.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2019.vol2019.iss282.1
Kovařík, F., Yağmur, E.A., Fet, V. & Hussen, F.S. (2019) A review of Orthochirus from Turkey, Iraq, and Iran (Khoozestan, Ilam, and Lorestan Provinces), with descriptions of three new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 278, 1–31
https://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2019.vol2019.iss278.1
Kovařík, F., Yağmur, E.A. & Moradi, M. (2018) Two new Hottentotta species from Iran, with a review of Hottentotta saulcyi (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 265, 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2018.vol2018.iss265.1
Kraepelin, K. (1899) Zur Systematik der Solifugen. Mittheilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum, Hamburg, 16, 195–258.
Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (eds.) (2009) A manual of Acarology. Third Edition. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas. 807 pp.
Kranz-Baltensperger, Y., Platnick, N.I. & Dupérré, N. (2009) A new genus of the spider family Caponiidae (Araneae, Haplogynae) from Iran. American Museum Novitates, 3656, 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.1206/675.1
Kraus, O. (1959) Solifugen aus dem Iran (Arach.). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 40, 93–98.
Kraus, O. (1999) Historic Overview of Past Congresses of Arachnology and of the Centre International de Documentation Arachnologique (C.I.D.A.). The Journal of Arachnology, 27(3), 3–6.
Krumpál, M. (1984) Einige bemerkenswerte Pseudoscorpione aus der UdSSR. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 81, 63–69.
Kury, A.B. (2017) Classification of Opiliones. Museu Nacional/UFRJ website. Available from: http://www.museunacional.ufrj.br/mndi/Aracnologia/opiliones.html [Accessed 2 May 2017].
Leach, W.E. (1817) On the characters of the genera of the family Scorpionidea, with descriptions of the British species of Chelifer and Obisium. Pp. 48–53 in Leach, W.E. The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new or interesting animals, vol. 3. E. Nodder & Son, London.
Leitner, E. (1946) Zur Kenntnis der Milbenfauna auf Düngerstätten. I. Einleitung. II. Systematisches Verzeichnis der gefundenen Arten. III. Die Ökologie der Düngermilben. IV. Beschreibung neuer Arten. V. Schriftenverzeichnis. Zentralblatt für das Gesamtgebiet der Entomologie, Klagenfurt, 1(5-6), 129–156.
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th ed., reformata, Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, I, 1–824.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
Logunov, D.V. & Marusik, Yu.M. (1999) A brief review of the genus Chalcoscirtus Bertkau, 1880 in the faunas of Central Asia and the Caucasus (Aranei: Salticidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 7(3), 205–226.
Logunov, D.V. & Marusik, Yu.M. (2000) Miscellaneous notes on Palaearctic Salticidae (Arachnida: Aranei). Arthropoda Selecta, 8(4), 263–292.
Logunov, D.V. (1999) Redefinition of the genus Habrocestoides Prószyński, 1992, with establishment of a new genus, Chinattus gen n. (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 11(4), 139–149.
Logunov, D.V. (2001a) A redefinition of the genera Bianor Peckham & Peckham, 1885 and Harmochirus Simon, 1885, with the establishment of a new genus Sibianor gen. n. (Aranei: Salticidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 9(4), 221–286.
Logunov, D.V. (2001b) New and poorly known species of the jumping spiders (Aranei: Salticidae) from Afghanistan, Iran and Crete. Arthropoda Selecta, 10(1), 59–66.
Logunov, D.V., Marusik, Yu.M. & Mozaffarian, F. (2001) Faunistic review of the jumping spiders of Iran (Aranei: Salticidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 10(2), 155–167.
Logunov, D.V., Mirshamsi, O., Musavi, S. & Shayestehfar, A. (2013) New faunistic records of Salticidae (Aranei) from Khorasan Province of Iran. Arthropoda Selecta, 22(4), 379–381.
https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.22.4.10
Lourenço, W.R. (1998) A new species of Apistobuthus Finnegan, 1932 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Iran. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 12(157), 237–244.
Lourenço, W.R. & A. Pézier (2002) Taxonomic consideration of the genus Odontobuthus Vachon (Scorpiones, Buthidae), with description of a new species. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 109(1), 115–125.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79581
Lourenço, W.R. & Vachon, M. (1995) Un nouveau genre et deux nouvelles espéces de scorpions Buthidae d’Iran. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris, 17, 297–305.
Lourenço, W.R. & Vachon, M. (2001) A new species of Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 from Iran (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Pp. 179–182 in Fet, V. & P. A. Selden (eds.) Scorpions 2001 In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society, Burnham Beeches, Bucks, U.K.
Lotfollahi, P. & Khanjani, M. (2013) An illustrated glossary of acarology terminology. Bu-Alisina University Press, ‎Hamedan. 261 pp. [in Persian].
Lotfollahi, P. (2017) First record of the family Pomerantziidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Middle East, with recording of two species for the first time from Asia. Persian Journal of Acarology, 6(4), 259–267.
Lotfollahi, P., Irani-Nejad, K.H., Bagheri, M. & Valizade, M. (2010) Prostigmatid soil mites of alfalfa fields in northwest of Iran (East Azerbaijan province) including one genus, subgenus and four species as new records. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 5(suppl.), 1001–1010.
Maddahi H., Kami, H.G., Aliabadian, M. & Mirshamsi, O. (2015) Redescription of Rhagodes eylandti (Walter, 1889) (Arachnida: Solifugae) with notes on its morphological variation and geographic distribution. Zoology in the Middle East, 61(3), 278–284.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2015.1058450
Maddahi, H., Aliabadian, M., Moradmand, M. & Mirshamsi, O. (2019) New insights to the taxonomy of Rhagodes eylandti (Walter, 1889): A remarkable sexually dimorphic species (Solifugae: Rhagodidae). Zootaxa, 4648(3), 494–510.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4648.3.5
Maddahi, H., Khazanehdari, M., Aliabadia, M., Kami, H.G., Mirshamsi, A. & Mirshamsi, O. (2016) Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) from Iran. Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 1–11. 2.
https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2016.1209194
Maddahi, H, Khazanehdari, M., Aliabadian, M., Kami, H.G., Mirshamsi, A. & Mirshamsi, O. (2017) Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) from Iran. Mitochondrial DNA A > DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis 2017; Nov. 28(6), 909–919.
https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2016.1209194
Mahnert, V. (1974) Roncus viti n. sp. (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) aus dem Iran. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 61, 87–91.
Mahnert, V. (1980) Arachnids of Saudi Arabia, Pseudoscorpiones. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 2, 32–48.
Mahnert, V. (1991) Pseudoscorpions (Arachnida) from the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 171–199.
Mahnert, V. (2007) Pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen. Fauna of Arabia, 23, 271–307.
Malek-Hosseini, M.J. & Zamani, A. (2017) Checklist of subterranean arthropods of Iran. Subterranean Biology, 21, 19–46.
https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.21.10573
Malek-Hosseini, M.J., Grismado, C.J., Sadeghi, S. & Bakhshi, Y. (2015) Description of the first cave dwelling species of the spider genus Trilacuna Tong & Li from Iran (Araneae: Oonopidae). Zootaxa, 3972(4), 549–561.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3972.4.6
Martens, J. (2006) Weberknechte aus dem Kaukasus (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 86, 145–210.
Marusik, Yu.M. & Zamani, A. (2015) Additional new species of Filistatidae (Aranei) from Iran. Arthropoda Selecta, 24(4), 429–435.
https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.24.4.05
[Mikhailov, K.G. & Logunov, D.V.] Михайлов, К.Г.& Логунов, Д.В. (2012) Юбилей, Юрию Михайловичу Марусику - 50 лет [Jubilee, Yuriy Mikhailovich Marusik - 50 years]. Arthropoda Selecta, 21(2), 191–200 [in Russian].
Miranda, G.S. & Zamani, A. (2018) Filling the gap of whip spider distribution in Asia: Phrynichus persicus sp.n. (Arachnida, Amblypygi), a new Phrynichidae from Iran. Zootaxa, 4413(2), 339–350.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4413.2.6
Mirjamali, R., Ostovan, H., Kamali, K. & Hajiqanbar, H. (2008) First record of the family Caraboacaridae (Acari: Prostigmata) from Iran. In: Manzari, Sh. (ed.) Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Vol. I. p. 229.
Mirmoayedi, A., Sharifi, M. & Hemmati, Z. (2000) Megachernes pavlovskyi (Redikozev 1949) [sic] species of pseudoscorpion, first record from Iran. Ninth Iranian Biology Conference, 15–17 August 2000, University of Tehran. p. 108.
Mirshamsi, O. (2013) Ecological niche modeling of two scorpion species Mesobuthus eupeus (C. L. Koch, 1839) and M. phillipsii (Pocock, 1889) from the Iranian Plateau and Zagros region (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius, 154, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2013.vol2013.iss154.1
Mirshamsi, O., Azghadi, S., Navidpour, S., Aliabadian, M. & Kovařík, F. (2013a) Odontobuthus tirgari sp. nov. (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from the eastern region of the Iranian Plateau. Zootaxa, 3731(1), 153–170.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.7
Mirshamsi O., Zamani A. & Marusik Yu.M. (2016) A survey of Hersiliidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of Iran with description of one new genus and two new species. Journal of Natural History, 50(23-24), 1,447–1,461.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1113318
Mirshamsi, O., Marusik, Yu M., Zamani, A., Moradmand, M. & Kashefi, R. (2015) Annotated checklist of the spiders of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae). Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics, Fauna Iranica, 1, 1–108.
Mirshamsi, O., Marusik, Yu.M. & Jamili, E. (2013b) The spider family Hersiliidae Thorell, 1870 (Arachnida: Araneae) in Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 59, 347–352.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2013.868140
Mirshamsi, O., Sari, A. & Hosseinie, Sh. (2011b) History of study and checklist of the scorpion fauna (Arachnida: Scorpiones) of Iran. Progress in Biological Sciences, 1(2), 16–28.
Mirshamsi, O., Sari, A., Elahia, E. & Hosseinie, S. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships of Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839) inferred from COI sequences (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Journal of Natural History, 44(47–48), 2851–2872.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.512400
Mirshamsi, O., Sari, A., Elahia, E. & Hosseinie, S. (2011a) Mesobuthus eupeus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iran: A polytypic species complex. Zootaxa, 2929(1), 1–21.
Modarres Awal, M. (1994) List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press, Mashhad. 364 pp. [preface in Persian, text in English; 2nd edition 1997; 3rd edition 2012].
Mohammadian, H. (2008) List of arachnids of Iran [Spiders, Roteyl, and Scorpions of Iran (with Acari, Pseudoscorpiones and Opiliones)]. Shabpareh Publications, Tehran. 422 pp.
https://rko.doe.ir/Portal/file/?202189/عنکبوت-ها-،-رتیل-ها-و-عقرب-های-ایران.pdf
Moin, M. (1972) Moin Encyclopedic Dictionary. Amirkabir Publication, Tehran. 6 volumes [in Persian].
Monod, L. & Lourenço W.R. (2005) Hemiscorpiidae (Scorpiones) from Iran, with descriptions of two new species and notes on biogeography and phylogenetic relationships. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 112(4), 869–941.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80331
Moradi Faradonbeh, M., Ostovan, H., OConnor, B.M. & Gheibi, M. (2017) Report of one genus and four species, new records for astigmatic mite (Acari: Astigmata) fauna of Iran. In: Hajiqanbar, H. & Saboori, A. (eds.) Program & Abstract book of the third International Persian Congress of Acarology, 23-25 August 2017, Tehran, Iran. College of Science, University of Tehran, pp. 28–29.
Moradmand, M. & Jäger, P. (2011) A review on the huntsman spider genus Spariolenus Simon, 1880 (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) in Iran with description of four new species. Zootaxa, 2910, 46–62.
Moradmand, M. & Jäger, P. (2012) Taxonomic revision of the huntsman spider genus Eusparassus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Eurasia. Journal of Natural History, 46(39–40), 2439–2496.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.707249
Moradmand, M. (2013) The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa, 3675(1), 1–108.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
Mossadegh, M.S. (1997) [Some mites of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. hives in Iran]. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran, 19(1, 2), 7–16 [in Persian with English summary].
Motevalli Haghi, F. & Dehghani, R. (2017) A review of scorpions reported in Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 27(151), 213–226 [in Persian with English abstract].
Mozaffarian, F, Tirgari, S. & Baiat Asady, H. (2000) Investigations on the fauna of spiders in paddy fields in Mazandaran and Guilan provinces. Journal of Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 67(1&2), 51–70.
Mozaffarian, F. & Marusik, Yu.M. (2001) A checklist of Iranian spiders (Aranei). Arthropoda Selecta, 10(1), 67–74.
Mozaffarian, F. & Tirgari, S. (2000) Field and laboratory studies on some aspects of life and behavior of spiders. Animal Sciences Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 19, 102–109.
Mozaffarian, F. (2000) First report of three genera and two species for the spider fauna of Iran. Journal of the Entomology Society of Iran, 20(1), 107–108.
Muscarella, O.F. (2001) Jiroft and ‘Jiroft-Aratta’ A Review Article of Yousef Madjidzadeh, ‘Jiroft: The Earliest Oriental Civilization’. Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 15, 173–198.
Nadolny, A.A. & Zamani, A.(2017) A new species of burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosa) from Iran. Zootaxa, 4286(4), 597–600.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4286.4.13
Nassirkhani, M. (2014a) A new pseudoscorpion species of the genus Calocheiridius Beier & Turk (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Olpiidae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 60(4), 353–361.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2014.966520
Nassirkhani, M. (2014b) A new pseudoscorpion species of the genus Geogarypus (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Iran. Acta Arachnologica, 63(2), 99–103.
https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.63.99
Nassirkhani, M. (2014c) First records of the pseudoscorpion family Cheiridiidae from Iran. Arachnology, 16(7), 244–51.
https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2015.16.7.244
Nassirkhani, M. (2015) Notes on Olpiidae (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Iran: description of Cardiolpium bisetosum sp. nov. and redescription of Olpium omanense. Arachnologische Mitteilungen: Arachnology Letters, 50, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit5001
Nassirkhani, M. (2016a) A New Pseudoscorpion Species of the Genus Allochernes Beier, 1932 (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae) from Southern Iran. Arachnology, 17(2), 95–100.
https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2006.17.2.95
Nassirkhani, M. (2016b) On generic position of the pseudoscorpion species Calocheirus asiaticus Dashdamirov (Pseudoscorpiones: Olpiidae) from Iran. Arachnology, 17, 147–152.
https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2006.17.3.147
Nassirkhani, M. (2016c) On two well-known neobisiid pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from Iran. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology, 2(1), 24–29.
https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-941X.0201004
Nassirkhani, M. (2016d) Redescription of the widely distributed species in the Middle East and central Asia, Calocheiridius centralis (Beier) (Pseudoscorpiones: Olpiidae). The Journal of Zoology Studies, 3(4), 102–108.
Nassirkhani, M. (2016e) Some notes on Geogarypus harveyi (Pseudoscorpiones: Geogarypidae) from Iran. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 80, 109–115.
https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.63.99
Nassirkhani, M. (2016f) Two new records of the genus Minniza Simon (Pseudoscorpiones: Olpiidae) from Iran. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology, 2(2), 17–20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-941X.0202003
Nassirkhani, M. (2018a) A Redescription of well-known Pseudoscorpion species, diplotemnus [sic] insolitus Chamberlin (Pseudoscorpiones; Atemnidae) based on the specimens collected from Iran. International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology, 3(1), 68‒73.
http://doi.org/10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00057
Nassirkhani, M. (2018b) Identification key to the species of Amblyolopium Simon (Pseudoscorpiones: Garypinidae), with first record of Amblyolpium bellum Chamberlin from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 64(2), 174–181.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2018.1442299
Nassirkhani, M. & Doustaresharaf, M.M. (2018) New records of epigean Neobisium species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from Northwestern Iran. Arachnology, 17(8), 367–374.
https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2017.17.8.367
Nassirkhani, M. & Doustaresharaf, M.M. (2019) Description of a new pseudoscorpion species of the genus Amblyolpium Simon (Pseudoscorpiones: Garypinidae) from north-western Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 65(3), 268–273.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2019.1609174
Nassirkhani, M. & Hamidi, K. (2015) Withius nanus Mahnert, 1988 (Pseudoscorpiones: Withiidae); a new record of phoresy on Goodwin’s brush-tailed mouse from Iran. The Journal of Zoology Studies, 2(1), 13–21.
Nassirkhani, M. & Harvey, M.S. (2013) Description of the Postlarval Stages of Dactylochelifer gracilis Beier, Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae. International Journal of Zoology, 2013(782638), 1–15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/782638
Nassirkhani, M. & Mumladze, L. (2019) A redescription of males of Neobisium (N.) moreoticum from Georgia. Arachnologische Mitteilungen: Arachnology Letters, 57(1), 37–42.
https://doi.org/10.30963/aramit5707
Nassirkhani, M. & Takalloo zadeh, H.M. (2012) Pseudoscorpions. ACECR (Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research), Kerman Branch. 400 pp. [in Persian].
Nassirkhani, M. & Takalloo zadeh, H.M. (2013a) The first report of Dactylochelifer spasskyi Redikorzev (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Research, 4(4), 335–340.
Nassirkhani, M. & Takalloo zadeh, H.M. (2013b). The first record of Gobichelifer chelanops (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae) from Iran. Acta Arachnologica, 62, 13–18.
https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.62.13
Nassirkhani, M. & Vafaei [= Vafai Shoushtari], R. (2014a) Two new records of the genus Dactylochelifer (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae) from Iran. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 78, 219–227.
Nassirkhani, M. & Vafai Shoushtari, R. (2014b) Redescription and remarks on the species Minniza persica (Pseudoscorpiones: Olpiidae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 60(3), 272–277.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2014.939814
Nassirkhani, M. & Vafai Shoushtari, R. (2015a) A redescription of Rhacochelifer melanopygus (Redikorzev 1949) (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae), a new record of pseudoscorpion fauna of Iran. Acta Arachnologica, 64(1), 21–25.
https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.64.21
Nassirkhani, M. & Vafai Shoushtari, R. (2015b) Description of the new species Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) negarinae sp. nov. (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39, 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1408-8
Nassirkhani, M. & Vafai Shoushtari, R. (2015c) The first record of the family Menthidae Chamberlin (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Iran. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology, 1(3), 27–31.
Nassirkhani, M. & Vafaei [= Vafai] Shoushtari, R. (2016). Two species of the genus Lamprochernes Tömösváry (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae) from Iran. Acta Arachnologica, 65(1), 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.65.1
Nassirkhani, M. & Zamani, A. (2018) Description of a new pseudoscorpion, Parolpium litoreum sp.n. (Pseudoscorpiones: Olpiidae) from southern Islands of Iran. Arthropoda Selecta, 27(4), 325–329.
http://doi.com/10.15298/arthsel.27.4.07
Nassirkhani, M. & Zamani, M. (2017) Two species of the genus Neobisium (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from western Iran. Arachnologische Mitteilungen: Arachnology Letters, 53: 53–61.
https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit5309
Nassirkhani, M., Mirab-balou, M, Bazgir, M & Zamani, M (2017) A redescription of Acanthocreagris iranica (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) inhabiting soil under oak trees in Zagros forest, western Iran. Vestnik zoologii, 51(2), 143–150.
https://doi.org/10.1515/ vzoo-2017-0020
Nassirkhani, M., Mojtaba, M.D.S. & Azimi, N. (2015) Redescription of a well-known pseudoscorpion species, Dinocheirus panzeri (C.L. Koch) (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae). The Journal of Zoology Studies, 2(6), 6–12.
Nassirkhani, M., Snegovaya, N. & Chumachenko, Yu.A. (2019) Description of a new epigean species of the genus Ephippiochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Russia. Acta Arachnologica, 68(1), 1–5.
https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.68.1
Nassirkhani, M., Vafai Shoushtari, R. & Abadi, M.R. (2016a) A new pseudoscorpion species in Amblyolopium (Pseudoscorpiones: Garypinidae) from a house in Kermanshah Province, Iran. Arachnologische Mitteilungen: Arachnology Letters, 52, 1–3.
https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit5201
Nassirkhani, M., Vafai Shoushtari, R. & Abadi, M.R. (2016b) Notes on Hysterochelifer afghanicus Beier (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae), with a key to the species of Hysterochelifer Chamberlin. Zoology in the Middle East, 62(1), 78–84.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2016.1144281
Navidpour, S.H. (2008a) A New Species of Psammophilic Scorpion From Iran (Scorpions: Buthidae). Journal of Biological Sciences, 8(8), 1328–1332.
https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2008.1328.1332
Navidpour, Sh. (2008b) Description study of Compsobuthus (Vachon, 1949) species in South and Southwestern Iran (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Archives of Razi Institute, 63(1), 29–37.
Navidpour, Sh. & Lowe, G. (2010) Revised diagnosis and redescription of Apistobuthus susanae (Scorpiones, Buthidae). The Journal of Arachnology, 37, 45–59.
https://doi.org/10.1636/H08-44.1
Navidpour, Sh. & Masihipour, B. (2009) Study of morphometrical values of Iranobuthus krali (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Fars province, southern Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 64(2), 97–100.
Navidpour, Sh., Ezatkhah, M., Kovařík, F., Soleglad, M.E. & Fet, V. (2011) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part VII. Kerman Province. Euscorpius, 131, 1–32.
https://doi.org/10.18590/issn.1536-9307/2011v.2011.issue131.1
Navidpour, Sh., Fet, V., Kovařík, F. & Soleglad, M.E. (2008a) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part III. Ilam Province. Euscorpius, 69, 1–29.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2008.vol2008.iss69.1
Navidpour, Sh., Fet, V., Kovařík, F. & Soleglad, M.E. (2012) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part VIII. Fars Province. Euscorpius, 139, 1–29.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2012.vol2012.iss139.1
Navidpour, Sh., Kovařík, F., Soleglad, M.E. & Fet, V. (2008b) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part I. Khoozestan Province. Euscorpius, 65, 1–41.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2008.vol2008.iss65.1
Navidpour, Sh., Kovařík, F., Soleglad, M.E. & Fet, V. (2008c) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part IV. Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province. Euscorpius, 74, 1–24.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2008.vol2008.iss74.1
Navidpour, Sh., Kovařík, F., Soleglad, M.E. & Fet, V. (2019) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part X. Alborz, Markazi and Tehran Provinces with a description of Orthochirus carinatus sp. n. (Buthidae). Euscorpius, 276, 1–20.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2019.vol2019.iss276.1
Navidpour, Sh., Nayebzadeh, H.H., Soleglad, M.E., Fet ,V., Kovařík, F. & Kayedi, M.H. (2010) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part VI. Lorestan Province. Euscorpius, 99, 1–23.
https://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2010.vol2010.iss99.1
Navidpour, Sh., Soleglad, M.E., Fet, V. & Kovařík, F. (2008d) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part II. Bushehr Province. Euscorpius, 67, 1–33.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2008.vol2008.iss67.1
Navidpour, Sh., Soleglad, M.E., Fet, V. & Kovařík, F. (2013) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones), Part IX. Hormozgan Province, with description of Odontobuthus tavighiae sp. n. (Buthidae). Euscorpius, 170, 1–29.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2013.vol2013.iss170.1
Nemati, A., Riahi, E., Khalili-Moghadam, A. & Gwiazdowicz, D.J. (2018) A catalogue of the Iranian Mesostigmata (Acari): additions and updates of the previous catalogue. Persian Journal of Acarology, 7(2), 115–191.
Niedbała, W. (1984) Phthiracaridae (Acari, Oribatida) nouveaux d'Asie Occidentale. Annales Zoologici, 38(10), 225–241.
Noei, J., Saboori, A. & Hajizadeh, J. (2014) Two new species and one new record of larvae of the family Johnstonianidae (Acari: Prostigmata) from Iran with a key to species of the genus Diplothrombium. Zootaxa, 3785(2), 241–257.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.7
Nordmann, A. (1840) Notice sur les scorpions de la faune pontique. In: Demidov, A.A. (ed.) Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée, par la Hongrie, la Valachie et la Moldavie, exécuté en 1837, Paris, 3, 751–752.
Oken, L. (1818) Isis, oder, Encyclopädische Zeitung von Oken. Expedition der Isis, Jena, Bd. 2–3, 1576 pp.
Olearius, A. (1656) Relation du voyage de Moscovie, Tartarie et de Perse, fait à l'occasion d'une ambassade envoyée au Grand-Duc de Muscovie et du Roy de Perse; par le Duc de Holstein: depuis l'an 1633, iusques en l'an 1639. Chez Gervais Clouzier, Paris, 7, 38 unnumbered pp + 543 pp.
Olivier, G.A. (1807) Voyage dans l’Empire Othoman, l’Égypte et la Perse, Fait par ordre du Gouvernement, pendant les six premières années de la République. H. Agasse, Paris. 3, 96–98.
Ono, H. & Martens, J. (2004) Crab spiders of the families Thomisidae and Philodromidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Iran. Acta Arachnologica, 53(2), 109–124.
https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.53.109
Osella, G. (‎1987) Professor Dr. Paolo Marcello Brignoli (1942–1986). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 7(6), 186. Available at: http://britishspiders.org.uk/bulletin/070608.pdf [Accessed on 7 August 2019].
Ostovan, H. & Kamali, K. (1994) Mites of family Ascidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) associated with stored products in Kazerun, South of Iran. Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran, 14, 3–14 [in Persian with English summary].
Ostovan, H. & Kamali, K. (1995) New records of six species of astigmatic mites (Acari: Astigmata) infesting stored products in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(2), 53–66 [in Persian with English summary].
Ovtsharenko, V.I., Levy, G. & Platnick, N.I.(1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1–27.
Pallas, P.S. (1772) Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimus et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur cura P.S. Pallas. Gottlieb August Lange, Berlin. 1(9), 37–40.
[Pavlovsky, E.N.] Павловский, E.H. (1942) Ядовитые животные Средней Азии и Ирана [Poisonous animals of Central Asia and Iran]. Государственное издательство УзССР [State Publishing House of Uzbek SSR, Tashkent], 116 pp. [in Russian].
Available DjVu file, http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/pavlovskij1942_jad_zhiv_sr_azii_i_irana.djvu
Pepato, A.R., Rocha, C.E.F. & Dunlop, J.A. (2010) Phylogenetic position of the acariform mites: sensitivity to homology assessment under total evidence. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10(235), 23 pp.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-235
Pešić, V., Smit, H. & Saboori, A. (2014) Checklist of the water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) of Iran: second supplement and description of one new species. Ecologica Montenegrina, 1(1), 30–48.
Peters, W. (1861) Eine neue Untergattung von Scorpionen, Hemiscorpion lepturus. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, April 1861, 426–427.
Pirali-Kheirabadi, K., Navidpour, Sh., Fet ,V., Kovařík, F. & Soleglad, M.E. (2009) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part V. Chahar Mahal & Bakhtiyari Province. Euscorpius, 78, 1–23.
https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2009.vol2009.iss78.1
Pocock, R.I. (1889a) Arachnida, Chilopoda and Crustacea. In: Aitchison, J.E.T. (ed.) The Zoology of the Afghan Delimination Commission. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 2d Series. Zoology, 5(3), 110–121.
Pocock, R.I. (1889b) Notes on some Buthidae new and old. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6, 334–351.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938909460342
Pocock, R.I. (1895a) Notes on some Solifugae contained in the collection of the British Museum with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser 6, 16(91), 74–98.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939508680232
Pocock, R.I. (1895b) On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25, 292−316.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1895.tb03419.x
Pocock, R.I. (1897) Descriptions of some new species of scorpions from India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11, 102–117.
Pocock, R.I. (1899) Chilopoda and Arachnida. In: Günther, R.T. (ed.) Contribution to the natural history of Lake Urmi, N. W. Persia, and its neighborhood. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 27, 399–406.
Pocock, R.I. (1900a) Arachnida. In: Blanford, W.T. (ed.) Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London. xii +279 pp.
Pocock, R.I. (1900b) On some new or little-known Thelyphonidae and Solifugae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7), 5, 294–306.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930008678285
Pocock, R.I. (1903) Arachnida. In: Forbes, H.O. (ed.) The Natural History of Sokotra and Abd-el-kuri: being the report upon the results of the Conjoint Expedition to these Islands in 1898-9, by Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, of the British Museum, and Dr. H. O. Forber, of the Liverpool Museums, together with information from other available sources. Special Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums, pp. 175–208.
Prószyński, J. (1992) Salticidae (Araneae) of the Old World and Pacific Islands in several US collections. Annales Zoologici, 44(8), 87–163.
Rahmani, H., Saboori, A. & Hajiqanbar, H. (2011) Acarology (Morphology, Biology & Systematics). University of Zanjan Press, Zanjan. 569 pp. [in Persian].
Redikorzev, V. (1918) Pseudoscorpions nouveaux I. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya, 22, 91–101.
Redikorzev, V. (1922) Pseudoscorpions nouveaux. II. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskago Muzeya, 23, 257–272.
Robbins, R.G. & Spradling, S.L. (eds.) (2006) Vector-borne Infectious Diseases in Iran by Dr. Michael K. Faulde. Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC, 28 pp. www.acq.osd.mil/eie/afpmb/docs/dveps/Iran.pdf
Roewer C.F. (1933) Solifugae, Palpigradi. In: Bronn, H.G. (ed.) Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. 5: Arthropoda. IV: Arachnoidea vol. 5(IV)(4)(2–3). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H., Leipzig. pp. 161–480.
Roewer C.F. (1934) Solifuga, Palpigrada. In: Bronn, H.G. (ed.) Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. 5: Arthropoda. IV: Arachnoidea. Vol. 5(IV)(4)(4–5). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.H., Leipzig. pp. 481–723.
Roewer C.F. (1941) Solifugen 1934–1940. Veroffentlichungen des Deutschen Kolonial Ubersee-Museums, Bremen, 3, 97–192.
Roewer, C.F. (1952) Die Solfugen und Opilioniden der österreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949-1950. Sitzungsberichte und Anzeiger der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Wien, Abteilung I. Biologische Wissenschaften und Erdwissenschaften, 161(7), 509–516.
Roewer, C.F. (1955) Die Araneen der Österreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949/50. Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (I), 164, 751–782.
Roewer, C.F. (1959) Die Araneae, Solifuga und Opiliones der Sammlungen des Herrn Dr. K. Lindberg aus Griechenland, Creta, Anatolien, Iran und Indien. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar, 8(4), 1–47.
Rossi, P. (1790) Fauna Etrusca: sistens Insecta quae in provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit. Typis Thomae Masi & Sociorum, Liburni. 2, 126–140.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15771
Saaristo, M.I. & Tanasevitch, A.V. (1996) Three new Lepthyphantes Menge, 1866, from Iran and Turkey (Aranei Linyphiidae). Arthropoda Selecta, [1995] 4 (3/4), 61–64.
Saboori, A. (1998) Mites of the family Trombidiidae Leach (Acari: Prostigmata) of Iran. Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran, 16/17, 11–15 [in Persian with English abstract].
Saboori, A. (1999) Description of Allothrombium shirazicum adult (Acari: Trombidiidae) from Iran. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 4, 197–198.
https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.4.1.28
Saboori A., Hosseini M. & Asadi M. (2007) Acari of Iran, Vol. 1, Parasitengone mites of Iran. University of Tehran Press. 280 pp. [in Persian].
Saboori, A. & Hakimitabar, M. (2013) Checklist of the Trombidioidea (Acari: Prostigmata) of Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 2(1), 33–42.
Saboori, A., Hakimitabar, M., Golpayegani, A.Z., Shojaei, M.S. & Shakarami, J. (2009) First Asian species of Enemothrombium Berlese (Acari: Microtrombidiidae) from Iran, with a key to world larval species. International Journal of Acarology, 35(4), 349–355.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950903078528
Saboori, A., Wohltmann, A. & Hakimitabar (2010) A new family of trombidioid mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from Iran. Zootaxa, 2611(1), 16–30.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.2
Saboori, A., Wohltmann, A., Hakimitabar, M. & Shirvani, A. (2013) A new species of the genus Achaemenothrombium (Acari: Achaemenothrombiidae) from Iran. Zootaxa, 3694(2), 143–152.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3694.2.3
Sadeghi, H., Ahmadi, M., Zamani, A. & Jabaleh, I. (2016) A study on the spider fauna of Dargaz and Kalat Counties in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran (Arachnida: Araneae). Biharean Biologist, 10(1), 4–7.
Sanaei-Zadeh, H. (2017) Spider Bite in Iran. Electronic Physician, 9(7), 4,703–4,707.
http://dx.doi.org/10.19082/4703
Sanaei-Zadeh, H., Marashi, M. & Dehghani, R. (2017) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scorpionism in Shiraz (2012-2016); development of a clinical severity grading for Iranian scorpion envenomation. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 31(27), 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.18869/mjiri.31.27
Sanggaard, K.W., Bec
Volume 5, Issue 4
Autumn 2019
Pages 301-367

  • Receive Date 15 September 2019
  • Revise Date 01 November 2019
  • Accept Date 16 November 2019
  • Publish Date 07 December 2019