Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Platylomia Stål (Hemiptera, Cicadidae, Cicadinae) in China with description of a new species

Cheng-Bin Wang

Engineering Research Center for Forest and Grassland Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Mianyang Normal University, 166 Mianxing West Road, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, P. R. China. 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-8779

ABSTRACT. A new species of cicada, Platylomia jini Wang sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Cicadidae, Cicadinae) is described from Yunnan, China. Illustrations of the habitus and diagnostic characters of the new species are presented. It most resembles P. shaanxiensis Wang & Wei, 2014 from Shaanxi, China. Diagnostic characters of the two species are compared in detail. Platylomia insignis Distant, 1912 and P. operculata Distant, 1913 are commented on their distributions in China, and P. strongata Lei, 1997 is proposed as an unavailable name and a nomen nudum. In addition, an updated list of all 23 known species of the genus Platylomia are presented.

Keywords: Dundubiini, taxonomy, new species, morphology, unavailable name, Oriental Region

Citation: Wang, C.-B. (2024) Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Platylomia Stål (Hemiptera, Cicadidae, Cicadinae) in China with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 10 (4), 981–993.

INTRODUCTION

Platylomia Stål, 1870 (Hemiptera, Cicadidae, Cicadinae, Dundubiini, Dundubiina) presents 23 species extensively distributed throughout the Oriental Region, including 13 species occurring in China (Metcalf, 1963; Sanborn, 2013; Wang & Wei, 2014; present study). Because the taxonomic history of Platylomia was well reviewed respectively by Wang & Wei (2014) and Hajong & Limatemjen (2021), the repetitious details need not be given here. Although the genus as part of the fauna of China has been recently revised (Wang & Wei, 2014), there are some issues that need to be addressed regarding synonyms, valid names and distributions of the species. Wang & Wei (2014) provided a key to eight Chinese species, and described Platylomia shaanxiensis Wang & Wei, 2014, a remarkable species quite different to the congeners. However, three species, P. insignis Distant, 1912, P. operculata Distant, 1913 and P. strongata Lei, 1997, were excluded from the fauna of China without explanation. Later in the same year, Lee (2014) coincidentally made the same taxonomic combination as Wang & Wei (2014) that transferred Platylomia juno Distant, 1905 to Macrosemia Kato, 1925. Then, three species, P. duffelsi Pham & Constant, 2015 and P. minhi Luu, Pham & Constant, 2022 were described both from Vietnam (Pham & Constant, 2015; Luu et al., 2022), and P. kohimaensis Hajong & Limatemjen, 2021 was reported from Northeast India (Hajong & Limatemjen, 2021). In addition, Hayashi & Usui (2017) reassigned Macrosemia diana (Distant, 1905) and M. pieli (Kato, 1938) back to their original combinations in Platylomia.

In the present study, a new species from Yunnan Province of China, which resembles P. shaanxiensis Wang & Wei, 2014 very much, is described and illustrated. The differential diagnosis for the two species is provided. In addition, comments about some species of Platylomia from China and an updated list of all known species are presented.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Five males of the new species were collected from Diqing Prefecture of Yunnan Province (China) in May 2022 and a year later in the same month, three males were collected from Nujiang Prefecture of the same province. After field work, the specimens were kept in a freezer (-20℃). About half a year later, the specimens were relaxed and softened in water at room temperature for 24 hours and then placed in distilled water for cleaning and dissection. To examine the male genitalia, the pygofer (containing the aedeagus), together with sternite VIII, were detached and treated with a 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution at room temperature for 12 hours. They were then placed in distilled water to remove the remaining KOH and prevent any further bleaching. After examination, the body parts were mounted on a slide using Euparal Mounting Medium for future studies. Images were taken with a Canon MP-E 65 mm 1–5´ Macro lens on a Canon  EOS 5DS R. Images of the same object at different focal planes were combined using Zerene Stacker 1.04 stacking software. Adobe Photoshop CS6 was used for post processing. The description was carried out on dry specimens. Morphological terminology follows Moulds (2005, 2012) and higher taxonomy follows Marshall et al. (2018) and Simon et al. (2019). Measurement criteria in millimetres (mm) follows Wang & Liu (2022).

The type material of the new species is deposited in the following institutional and private collections: MYNU – Invertebrate collection of Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China; cJZZ – private collection of Jin Zhang, Zhangjiakou, China; cLFW – private collection of Lei Feng, Weifang, China.

RESULTS

Taxonomic hierarchy

Order Hemiptera Linnaeus, 1758

Family Cicadidae Batsch, 1789

Subfamily Cicadinae Batsch, 1789

Tribe Dundubiini Atkinson, 1886

Genus Platylomia Stål, 1870

Platylomia insignis Distant, 1912

Remarks. Distant (1912) described this species from Bhutan. However, Kato (1934) catalogued it as part of the Chinese Cicadidae fauna without explanation. The species was not included in the review and key to Chinese species recently published (Wang & Wei, 2014). However, I retain it as part of the Chinese fauna for the time being because it is very likely a range extension from a country that borders China. However, voucher specimens need to be found in future.

Platylomia operculata Distant, 1913

Remarks. This species was synonymized with P. radha (Distant, 1881) by Beuk (1998) but resurrected by Boulard (2005). Although Wang & Wei (2014) mentioned in the introduction the resurrection of P. operculata, the authors didn’t include it in the key to the species of Platylomia of China. A possibility is that they still considered P. operculata as junior synonym of P. radha because they did not have access to Boulard’s article or disagreed with the resurrection. I retain it in the Chinese fauna but the actual range of the species needs further investigation.

Platylomia strongata Lei, 1997 nomen nudum

Remarks. Platylomia strongata Lei, 1997 was introduced in the book “The Cicadidae of China (Homoptera: Cicadoidea)” (Chou et al., 1997), merely with a name in the corrigenda and a habitus photo in the plate part, without any description or definition throughout the book. It is proposed that it represents an unavailable name and is a nomen nudum according to the Fourth Edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999: Article 13.1).

Platylomia jini Wang sp. nov. (Figs 1A–C; 2A–F; 3A–C) [Chinese common name: 瑨马蝉]

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D1B172DC-B124-497F-8B75-B449A038C402

Type material. 8♂♂. Holotype ♂, CHINA, Yunnan: Diqing Prefecture, Weixi County, Weideng Township, Xinnong Country [新农村], 1800 m, 24.V.2022, Xue-Zhou Li [李学舟] leg. (MYNU). Paratypes: 4♂♂, same data as holotype (1♂ in MYNU and 3♂♂ in cJZZ); 3♂♂, CHINA, Yunnan: Nujiang Prefecture, Fugong County, Maji Township, Bushishuilidishan [不施水里底山], 10–13.V.2023, Xin-Fa Yu [余新发] leg. (cLFW).

Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Mr. Jin Zhang [张瑨] (Zhangjiakou, China), a Chinese amateur, for his help in my taxonomic study of Cicadidae. The name is a noun in the genitive case.

Differential diagnosis. Platylomia jini Wang sp. nov. shares with P. shaanxiensis Wang & Wei, 2014 the following characteristics which in combination can be distinguished them from other congeners: infuscations distinctly present on r, r-m, m and m-cu crossveins, as well as on apices of longitudinal veins of apical cells; male opercula not reaching sternite VIII; male opercula with outer margin straight; abdomen generally black on dorsum. However, it is easily to differentiate the new species from the latter (Wang & Wei, 2014: fig. 1) by the combination of the following characteristics (P. shaanxiensis in brackets): anteclypeus black, with a “T”-shaped brownish fascia along midline and basal margin (entirely black); pronotum with submedian fasciae extending across pronotal collar to posterior margin (not extending across pronotal collar), and a pair of small center spots on lateral angles of pronotal collar (a pair of fasciae along lateral angle margins of pronotal collar); mesonotum with median fascia rather wide, dramatically broadened posteriorly, occupying scutal depressions (relatively narrow and a pair of large spots on scutal depressions), and accessory fasciae not joining lateral fasciae posteriorly (joining lateral fasciae posteriorly); cruciform elevation with black median fascia extending to posterior arms and paired black markings on anterior arms (without black median fascia, only with paired black markings on anterior arms); profemur with primary spine prostrating, with apex rounded (oblique, with apex pointed); tergite 2 with one small, ill-defined, brownish median spot (with three large, distinct, reddish brown medial spots); apex of operculum reaching posterior margin of sternite VI (reaching posterior margin of sternite V); uncus slender, without constrictions, slightly curving medially at apices and slightly curving outwards at apices in lateral view (broad, with constrictions at about apical 1/4, slightly curving laterally at apices and slightly curving inwards at apices in lateral view); aedeagus slender but short, strongly thinned in apical 1/3, and almost straight except base in lateral view (slender and long, tapering apically, and extremely sinuate in lateral view).

Description. ¾ Male (Fig. 1A & B). Measurements (mm, n = 6). Body (40.8; 39.0–43.1) long. Lengths of different body parts (holotype; range): head (3.0; 2.8–3.6), pronotum (5.0; 4.6–5.4), mesonotum (8.9; 8.6–9.5), forewing (49.8; 48.2–51.3), abdomen (23.4; 23.0–24.6); width: head (12.1; 11.9–12.7), pronotum (13.8; 13.4–15.0), mesonotum (10.5; 10.2–10.8), forewing (14.8; 14.5–15.7); tergite III (14.0; 13.8–14.7). Ratios of different body parts: (body length)/(head width) = 3.4; (pronotal length)/(head length) = 1.6; (mesonotal length excluding cruciform elevation)/(pronotal length) = 1.4; (abdominal length)/(head + pronotal + mesonotal length) = 1.4; (head width)/(pronotal width) = 0.9; (head width)/(mesonotal width) = 1.2; (tergite III width)/(mesonotal width) = 1.3; (forewing length)/(forewing width) = 3.4.

Head. With ground colour brownish, with following black markings occupying most of head: longitudinal median fascia rather broad, enclosing three ocelli, reaching frontoclypeal suture and posterior margin of head, lateral parts extending posteriorly and longitudinally into slender but short stripes, and joining lateral fasciae in anterior half; lateral fasciae rather broad, almost occupying entire area between median fascia and eyes, except not reaching anterolateral margins of head, reaching posterior margin of head but emarginate medially. Compound eyes brown. Ocelli brownish to brown. Distance between lateral ocellus and corresponding eye about 2.5 times as wide as distance between lateral ocelli. Antennae blackish. Postclypeus moderately swollen, black, with paired brownish submedian spots just anterior to frontoclypeal suture, a short brownish median fascia anterodorsally, with 14–15 brownish transverse grooves on each side. Anteclypeus black, with a “T”-shaped brownish fascia along midline and basal margin. Genae black in posterior part and ochraceous anteriorly. Lorum black except anterior end. Rostrum ochraceous with blackish apical part, just reaching posterior margins of metacoxae.

Figure 1. Platylomia jini Wang sp. nov., ♂, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Fore femur, lateral view. Abbreviations: asp: apical spine; psp: primary spine; sasp: subapical spine; ssp: secondary spine.

Thorax. Pronotum brownish at pronotal disc, and pronotal collar ochraceous in lateral angles and lateral parts, brownish in dorsal part, with following black markings: submedian fasciae long, extending from anterior margin of pronotum across pronotal collar to posterior margin, strongly broadened at both anterior and posterior ends; paired oblique fasciae along paramedian fissures; paired oblique fasciae extending from middle parts of paramedian fissures, joining posterior parts of lateral fissures, and across pronotal collar to posterior margin; paired oblique fasciae along lateral fissures; fascia along ambient fissure; paired small center spots on lateral angles of pronotal collar. Pronotal collar with median length short, about 0.2 times as long as pronotum disc, moderately ampliate posterolaterally; lateral margins with obtuse lateral teeth at about anterior 1/3, orientating laterally; lateral angles widely rounded; surface transversely grooved. Mesonotum brownish, with following black markings: median fascia rather wide, dramatically broadened posteriorly, occupying scutal depressions, with apex reaching anterior margin of cruciform elevation; submedian fasciae wide, along parapsidal sutures, broadened posteriorly, joining median fascia; accessory fasciae short, slender, between submedian and lateral fasciae, not joining lateral fasciae posteriorly; lateral fasciae wide, along lateral sigillae, extending to posterior margin of mesonotum, and joining marginal fasciae; marginal fasciae broadened posteriorly, along apical half of mesonotal lateral margins. Cruciform elevation brownish, with black median fascia extending to posterior arms and paired black markings on anterior arms. Wing groove ochraceous, with oblique black fasciae in middle part and black outer margin. Thoracic sternites ochraceous, with short setae.

Legs. Bicoloured, ochraceous to brown with black markings. Profemur (Fig. 1C) with four spines: primary spine slender, digitiform, prostrate, with apex rounded; secondary spine subtrianglular and rather sharp; subapical spine small, slightly angled; apical spine rather small and tuberculate. Meracanthi mostly blackish with ochraceous margins, elongated triangular and slightly curving medially.

Wings. Hyaline. Forewing with 8 apical cells; ulnar cell 3 about 1.8 times as long as apical cell 5; RA 2 vein with distal portion about 1.9 times as long as proximal portion; venation generally brownish, C and R+Sc veins ochraceous; infuscations distinctly present on r, r-m, m and m-cu crossveins, and paler on apices of longitudinal veins of apical cells; nodal line absent; basal cell greyish ochraceous; basal membrane greyish ochraceous and slightly tinged with greenish. Hind-wing with 6 apical cells; venation generally brownish, C, Sc+RA, CuA and 1A veins ochraceous; jugum and longitudinal margins of vannus greyish ochraceous.

Operculum. Entirely ochraceous; leaf-shaped, with apex subrounded, reaching posterior margin of sternite VI; narrowly separated from each other medially.

Abdomen. Obconical. Tergites generally black, with one small, brownish, ill-defined median spot on tergites 2, 3 and 8; tergites 3–7 with posterior margins narrowly brownish. Timbal cover scalelike, black, densely covered with greyish hairs in lateral half, concealing timbal in dorsal view. Sternites III–VII mostly black; sternites III–VI with large, ochraceous, median patches; sternite VII ochraceous along posterior margin, subtrapezoidal, slightly emarginate in middle of posterior margin; sternite VIII (Fig. 3A) brownish with blackish oblique fasciae, oblong, slightly emarginate in middle of posterior margin, anterolateral apodemes ill-developed.

Genitalia. Pygofer subcordiform to subelliptical, more or less narrowing posteriorly in ventral and dorsal views (Fig. 2A, D & F); anal styles relatively large, less sclerotised, densely covered with short setae apically (Fig. 2A–D, F); apical stylus relatively large and long, lightly sclerotised, digitiform (Fig. 2D); basal lobes elongate, obliquely prostrating to side walls of pygofer (Fig. 2A, B); upper lobes absent; distal shoulders widely rounded at apex in lateral view (Fig. 2C). Uncus slender, lobes separated from each other medially, slightly curving medially at narrowly rounded apices (Fig. 2A & F) and slightly curving outwards at apices in lateral view (Fig. 2C). Aedeagus slender but short, strongly thinned in apical 1/3 (Fig. 3B); in lateral view, almost straight except base (Fig. 3C).

Variations. Holotype and paratypes without evident variations.

Female. Unknown.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Figure 2. Pygofers of Platylomia jini Wang sp. nov., ♂. A–E. Holotype; F. Paratype. Abbreviations: aed: aedeagus; as: anal styles; ast: apical stylus; bl: basal lobe; ds: distal shoulder; un: uncus. (A, F. Ventral views; B. Ventrolateral view; C. Lateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Apical view)..

Species list of Platylomia Stål, 1870 [Alphabetically listed and modified from Sanborn (2013)]

1. Platylomia amicta (Distant, 1889) (= Dundubia amicta = Cosmopsaltria amicta) (India);

2. Platylomia bivocalis (Matsumura, 1907) (= Cosmopsaltria bivocalis = Comopsaltria (sic) bivocalis) (Taiwan);

3. Platylomia bocki (Distant, 1882) (= Platylomia bbccki (sic) = Platylomia bccki (sic) = Platylomia bock (sic) = Dundubia bocki = Cosmopsaltria bocki) (Yunnan; Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam);

Figure 3. Platylomia jini Wang sp. nov., ♂. A. Sternite VIII, ventral view; B. Aedeagus, dorsal view;
C. Aedeagus, lateral view.

4. Platylomia brevis Distant, 1912 (India);

5. Platylomia diana Distant, 1905 (= Cosmopsaltria diana = Macrosemia diana) (Fujian, Sichuan; Vietnam);

6. Platylomia duffelsi Pham & Constant, 2014 (Vietnam);

7. Platylomia ficulnea (Distant, 1892) (= Cosmopsaltria ficulnea) (India, Myanmar);

8. Platylomia flavida (Guérin-Méneville, 1834) (= Cicada flavida = Cosmopsaltria flavida = Cosmopsaltria (Platylomia) flavida = Dundubia flavida = Dundubia flava (sic)) (India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Thailand);

9. Platylomia insignis Distant, 1912 (China; Bhutan);

10. Platylomia jini Wang sp. nov. (Yunnan);

11. Platylomia kohimaensis Hajong & Limatemjen, 2021 (India);

12. Platylomia larus (Walker, 1858) (= Dundubia larus = Cosmopsaltria larus) (Jiangsu; India, Sri Lanka);

13. Platylomia lemoultii Lallemand, 1924 (= Playlonia (sic) lemoultii) (Xizang);

14. Platylomia malickyi Beuk, 1998 (Yunnan; Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam);

15. Platylomia minhi Luu, Pham & Constant, 2022 (Vietnam);

16. Platylomia operculata Distant, 1913 (= Platylomia radha (nec Distant)) (Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Yunnan; Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam);

17. Platylomia pendleburyi Moulton, 1923 (Malaysia, Thailand);

18. Platylomia pieli Kato, 1938 (= Platylomia piei (sic) = Platylomia pieli elongata Liu, 1939 = Platylomia pieli var. elongata = Platylomia pieli trifuscata Liu, 1939 = Platylomia pieli var. trifuscata = Platylomia chusana Kato, 1940 = Macrosemia pieli) (Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang; Japan, Vietnam);

19. Platylomia plana Lei & Li, 1994 (Xizang);

20. Platylomia radha (Distant, 1881) (= Dundubia radha = Cosmopsaltria radha = Dundubia similis Distant, 1882 = Cosmopsaltria similis = Platylomia similis) (Hainan, Jiangxi, Yunnan; Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam);

21. Platylomia shaanxiensis Wang & Wei, 2014 (Shaanxi);

22. Platylomia stasserae Boulard, 2005 (Thailand);

23. Platylomia vibrans (Walker, 1850) (= Dundubia vibrans = Cosmopsaltria vibrans) (Bangladesh; India; Indonesia; Malaysia).

DISCUSSION

Beuk (2002) had already stated that the genus of Platylomia is paraphyletic and some groups it included are believed to belong to new genera. As described above and by Wang & Wei (2014), Platylomia jini Wang sp. nov. and P. shaanxiensis Wang & Wei, 2014 are two remarkable species quite different to other members of Platylomia. They are also similar to some members of the genera Meimuna Distant 1905 and Haphsa Distant, 1905 (Dundubiini), especially M. crassa (Distant, 1905) (= H. crassa Distant, 1905). However, both genera were not monophyletic (Beuk, 2002; Wang et al., 2021; Hill et al., 2021). For H. crassa, Beuk (2002) argued that it should be congeneric with M. mongolica (Distant, 1881) and its relatives, and a new genus should be established to accommodate them. Beuk (2002) and Lee (2008) both chose to provisionally remain it in Haphsa. However, soon it was transferred to Meimuna because Lee (2009) considered it is deemed to be more closely allied to Meimuna than to Haphsa. After comprehensive consideration, in order to avoid more taxonomical combinations, the present author would prefers to describe P. jini Wang sp. nov. under Platylomia tentatively, together with its closest relative P. shaanxiensis Wang & Wei, 2014.

AUTHOR′S CONTRIBUTION

The author confirms his contribution to the whole processing steps in the research, conceptualization, preparation, and correction of this paper. He read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

FUNDING

This study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Huaguoshan (NSFH-2024).

AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL

The holotype and one paratype listed in this study are deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China and are available from the curator, upon request.

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE

This study only included arthropod material, and all required ethical guidelines for the treatment and use of animals were strictly adhered to in accordance with international, national, and institutional regulations. No human participants were involved in any studies conducted by the authors for this article.

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

Not applicable.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am indebted to Jin Zhang (Zhangjiakou, China) and Lei Feng (Weifang, China) for providing the specimens of the new species. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Michel Boulard (Villeneuve-la-Comtesse, France), Chang-Chin Chen (Tianjin, China), Qi-Zi Hao and Tian-Gou Song (both Daluochaguo), Gui-Qiang Huang (Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, China), Jin-Yuan Jiang (Wuxi, China), Zhi-Shun Song (Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China) and Hao Xu (MYNU) for their considerable help in my study. I thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of the manuscript.

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